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821.
ABSTRACTThis article contributes to efforts to validate a common set of parameters and principles of sustainable agriculture. Comparisons between alternative forms of sustainable agriculture and rural-to-urban community resilience are investigated. Conclusions are drawn between multiple sustainable/alternative agriculture systems and evaluated. A set of common baseline parameters and principles is proposed as a method of evolving a common structural framework for strengthening sustainability of agriculture and rural contexts. Concepts of rural-to-urban community sustainability are proposed, supporting sustainable agriculture contexts as rural and urban. In the twenty-first century, agriculture is becoming more diversified and less typified as a rural occupation. Urban agriculture is expanding as the need for fresh, affordable, accessible agriculture produce increases in urban areas. Evidence supports symbiotic relationships between sustainable agriculture and rural/urban communities, although some claim this relationship has not been clearly defined.This article investigates sustainable agriculture from two perspectives. We ask ‘what are common parameters and principles of the various forms of sustainable agriculture,’ and ‘why urban-to-rural context.’ Organic agriculture parameters and principles are proposed as a conceptual framework toward establishing baseline parameters and principles for sustainable agriculture. Best management parameters of urban and rural sustainable agriculture in the United States and the United Kingdom are examined for their potential to develop a strengthening framework of parameters and principles of agriculture and rural-to-urban sustainability. These results are compared and evaluated for their effectiveness in redefining current sustainable agriculture practices, and their value in strengthening sustainable agriculture symbiosis with rural-to-urban community systems. 相似文献
822.
土壤中短链氯化石蜡的气相色谱-电子捕获负化学电离-质谱分析方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过考察层析柱对测定短链氯化石蜡(SCCPs)干扰物去除效果的影响,结合实际土壤样品的净化需求,建立了一套适合分析土壤中SCCPs的前处理方法.土壤样品使用索氏抽提,采用硅胶复合柱和弗罗里硅土柱净化,运用气相色谱-质谱(ECNI源)检测SCCPs.SCCPs的仪器定量限为100—600 pg.μL-1.空白加标和基质加标中SCCPs的回收率分别为130%±8.50%和108%±17.8%(SD,n=3).利用该方法分析了采自广州市郊区的6个土壤样品,其SCCPs的含量范围为12.9—34.5 ng.g-1,平均值为26.1 ng.g-1. 相似文献
823.
以Ru/TiZrO2为催化剂,采用催化湿式氧化法降解异佛尔酮废水,选择反应温度、氧气分压、反应时间、催化剂用量、初始pH为影响因素,以TOC去除率为响应值,采用响应面法研究影响因素及其交互作用对响应值的影响,建立二次多项式回归方程模型,并采用后退回归法进行模型精简.结果表明,反应时间和反应温度及其交互作用对TOC去除率影响极显著(P≤0.01);反应时间的二次项对TOC去除率影响显著(P≤0.05).随着反应温度的升高和反应时间的延长,TOC去除率逐渐提高.最后对模型进行验证,实验值与预测值具有很好的一致性,说明模型具有可靠的预测性,将该模型应用到催化湿式氧化中合理可行.质谱和离子色谱检测到异佛尔酮的降解产物主要为有机酮与小分子羧酸,由此提出对反应机理和降解途径的假设. 相似文献
824.
以丙酮酸乙酯为底物,从成都某化工厂污水池及其附近土壤中分离到36株可将丙酮酸乙酯不对称还原成(S)-乳酸乙酯的菌株.经过多次复筛,最终获得了一株具有较高催化活性的酵母菌BTY18-6.在以该菌株静息细胞为催化剂,催化不对称还原丙酮酸乙酯合成(S)-乳酸乙酯的反应中,底物浓度为60 mmol/L时,底物转化率为86.9%,产物(S)-乳酸乙酯的ee值为88.7%.通过对其形态学、生理生化特征及其26S rDNA Dl/D2区域的分析表明,BTY18-6为胶红酵母. 相似文献
825.
为研发酸化土壤的生物修复技术,采用水培试验和自动电位滴定装置研究酸性条件下氮素形态对小麦幼苗根系释放氢氧根及培养液pH变化的影响。结果表明,小麦幼苗在初始pH值为4.0,n(NO3-)∶n(NH4+)比值(以下简称硝/铵比)分别为15∶1、3∶1和1∶1的营养液中培养6 d后营养液pH升高,且增幅随硝/铵比的增加而增大,小麦对硝态氮的吸收量和氢氧根释放量呈相同的变化趋势,说明小麦对硝态氮的吸收偏好导致根系释放氢氧根,进而使得培养液pH升高。小麦幼苗在硝/铵比为3∶1,初始pH值分别为4.0、4.5和5.0的营养液中培养6d后,培养液pH和氢氧根释放量的增幅随初始pH的升高而降低,说明低pH条件有利于小麦幼苗对硝态氮的吸收,可促进小麦根系释放更多的氢氧根。10 h的恒定pH试验结果表明,恒定pH条件下小麦根系释放的氢氧根数量大于非恒定pH条件,且硝态氮比例越大,差值越大。因此,可以根据小麦在酸性条件下对硝态氮的吸收偏好建立酸化土壤的生物修复方法,即调节硝态氮含量以加大小麦根系的氢氧根释放量,进而提高土壤pH。 相似文献
826.
Osamu SHITAMICHI Taiki MATSUI Yamei HUI Weiwei CHEN Totaro IMASAKA 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(1):26-31
An authentic mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls was measured using a short wide-bore capillary column for the group separation of major components present in an actual sample of Kanechlor. The limits of detection were improved by ca. 2 fold in comparison with those obtained using a conventional capillary column, since the retention time was reduced and the amount of analytes introduced into the mass spectrometer per unit time could be increased. On the other hand, surface-water and sediment samples containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were collected from the river located in the vicinity of a waste water treatment plant. Even acenaphthylene, a minor component of the mixture could be measured for the sediment sample, and the concentrations were determined for several heavy PAHs. As demonstrated, a technique involving laser multiphoton ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry was useful as a sensitive and selective analytical tool for the trace analysis of persistent organic pollutants in an environmental sample. 相似文献
827.
采用A/O-电催化氧化法处理村镇垃圾中转站渗滤液,并针对工艺核心电催化氧化单元的相关运行参数进行探究。结果表明:使用椰壳活性炭作为粒子电极基体材料,以Sn-Sb作为活性催化剂,在初始pH值<7、外加电压15 V条件下,电解中转站垃圾渗滤液效果较好;联合工艺连续运行阶段,当水力停留时间达到11 d时,原水COD从(31 098±1 270)mg/L下降到(391±44)mg/L,渗滤液可生化性(B/C)从0.336±0.020提升到0.719±0.024,可生化性显著增强。 相似文献
828.
Litao Wang Joshua S. Fu Wei Wei Zhe Wei Chenchen Meng Simeng Ma Jiandong Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(3):13
829.
Maocong Hu Yin Liu Zhenhua Yao Liping Ma Xianqin Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(1):3
Treating water contaminants via heterogeneously catalyzed reduction reaction is a subject of growing interest due to its good activity and superior selectivity compared to conventional technology, yielding products that are non-toxic or substantially less toxic. This article reviews the application of catalytic reduction as a progressive approach to treat different types of contaminants in water, which covers hydrodehalogenation for wastewater treatment and hydrogenation of nitrate/nitrite for groundwater remediation. For hydrodehalogenation, an overview of the existing treatment technologies is provided with an assessment of the advantages of catalytic reduction over the conventional methodologies. Catalyst design for feasible catalytic reactions is considered with a critical analysis of the pertinent literature. For hydrogenation, hydrogenation of nitrate/nitrite contaminants in water is mainly focused. Several important nitrate reduction catalysts are discussed relating to their preparation method and catalytic performance. In addition, novel approach of catalytic reduction using in situ synthesized H2 evolved from water splitting reaction is illustrated. Finally, the challenges and perspective for the extensive application of catalytic reduction technology in water treatment are discussed. This review provides key information to our community to apply catalytic reduction approach for water treatment.
相似文献
830.
生物膜系统中部分反硝化实现特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以移动床生物膜反应器(moving-bed biofilm reactor,MBBR)为例,考察生物膜系统中部分反硝化NO2--N积累特性,并通过耦合厌氧氨氧化验证生物膜系统中部分反硝化耦合厌氧氨氧化(partial denitrification with anaerobic ammonium oxidation,PD+ANAMMOX)工艺的可行性.结果表明,在C/N为3.0,填充率为20%的条件下,经过40 d的富集培养,实现部分反硝化,NO2--N积累率达(69.38±3.53)%;接种生物膜NO3--N还原酶(nitrate reductase,NAR)活性为0.03 μmol·(min·mg)-1,NO2--N还原酶(nitrite reductase,NIR)活性为0.18 μmol·(min·mg)-1,富集培养后生物膜NAR活性增至0.45 μmol·(min·mg)-1,NIR活性降至0.02 μmol·(min·mg)-1,从酶学角度验证了部分反硝化实现;高通量测序结果显示,Thauera属从0.3%增加至37.27%,在微生物群落中占主导地位,该菌属被认为是部分反硝化过程的主要功能菌.随后与厌氧氨氧化耦合,出水总氮达(6.41±1.50) mg·L-1,总氮去除率达(88.16±2.71)%,证明了生物膜系统中PD+ANAMMOX的可行性及稳定性. 相似文献