新冠期间河北省典型钢铁企业大气污染影响

基于国家气象局气象预报数据,建立了基于AERMOD的钢铁企业污染预报模型,模拟了新冠疫情管控期（2020年2~3月）及解封后期（2020年4~10月）河北省某钢铁企业对大气污染的影响,并结合空气质量实测数据进行模型验证.结果显示,不利风向条件下,该钢铁厂大气污染物排放对当地3个国控站点SO₂、NO_x和PM₁₀的平均浓度贡献占比,在疫情管控期分别为20.19%~33.81%,17.49%~23.46%和2.02%~2.69%,在解封后期分别为13.43%~21.01%,11.09%~20.92%和1.20%~2.22%.由于疫情管控期受其他人为源干扰较少,该钢铁厂SO₂、NO_x和PM₁₀的预报值和三个国控站点实际监测值的相关系数,在新冠疫情管控期（在单个站点中,最高分别为0.43、0.48和0.29）高于解封后期（最高分别为0.42、0.39和0.07）.     

零价铁修复1,3-二氯苯污染底泥

通过序批试验研究了零价铁修复对底泥中1,3-二氯苯的去除效果,分析了零价铁修复过程中pH和铁离子质量浓度以及修复后底泥土壤酶的恢复情况. 结果表明:添加占底泥干质量2%的还原铁粉,1,3-二氯苯的去除率可达72.3%〔初始w(1,3-二氯苯)为500 　mg/kg,培养时间为20 d〕,较未添加零价铁修复处理高52.0%. 零价铁有效地促进了底泥中1,3-二氯苯的去除,土著微生物在自然恢复中起一定的作用. 在修复过程中零价铁并未使底泥pH发生明显变化,底泥水体中的总铁质量浓度(低于0.3 mg/L)始终符合地表水环境质量标准(GB3838—2002). 1,3-二氯苯污染使底泥过氧化氢酶、转化酶和蛋白酶的酶活性显著降低,使脲酶的酶活性显著升高. 零价铁修复使1,3-二氯苯抑制的底泥过氧化氢酶的酶活性恢复到未污染对照水平.      

酸浸粉煤灰混凝法处理制革废水的研究

笔者研究了在热电厂粉煤灰中加入少量的鼓风炉铁泥和适量的助溶剂HS,在加热条件下用稀硫酸搅拌浸取2h后,制得集物理吸附和化学混凝为一体的混凝剂。这种混凝剂与聚硅酸铝铁(PSAF)絮凝剂配合处理COD为1500～2000mg/L制革废水,SS,COD,硫化物和铬的去除率分别为95%,93%,92%和88%。该法的显著特点是混凝沉降速度快,污泥体积小,处理废水费用低,此外还探讨了酸浸粉煤灰混凝剂对制革废水的混凝沉降机理。      

利用废铁屑处理含铬废水试验研究

通过研究在酸性条件下利用废铁屑处理剧毒的六价铬电镀废水的工艺条件 ,在最佳条件下废水中六价铬去除率达99 %以上 ,出水总铬含量为0.040mg/l,六价铬含量为0.002mg/l,大大低于国家排放标准0.500mg/l。     

ARE SOILS LIKE SPONGES?1

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to explore the validity of the old analogy that “soil is like a sponge.” Laboratory experiments were conducted to measure two hydrologic properties of porous media: drainage under gravity, and water potential curves. A tipping bucket rain gage connected to a data logger was used to measure the rate at which water drained under the force of gravity from a trough filled with four saturated porous media ‐ cellulose sponges, topsoil, peat, and a medium sand. Pressure plate techniques were used to determine water potential curves for soil materials and sponges. In terms of relative cumulative discharge from the trough, sponges were intermediate between peat and topsoil. Because of their tremendous water‐holding capacity, sponges discharged more than 2.5 times as much water as did peat. The water potential curve for sponges was fairly flat, like that of topsoil, but the high water content across all pressures (0.30–15.0 bars) indicated some similarity to peat. The results of these experiments suggest that the general patterns of water retention and release in soil materials and sponges are similar and vary only in degree.     

In situ sequential treatment of a mixed contaminant plume

Groundwater plumes often contain a mixture of contaminants that cannot easily be remediated in situ using a single technology. The purpose of this research was to evaluate an in situ treatment sequence for the control of a mixed organic plume (chlorinated ethenes and petroleum hydrocarbons) within a Funnel-and-Gate. A shallow plume located in the unconfined aquifer at Alameda Point, CA, was found to contain up to 218,000 μg/l of cis-1,2 dichloroethene (cDCE), 16,000 μg/l of vinyl chloride (VC) and <1000 μg/l of 1,1 dichloroethene (1,1 DCE), trans-1,2 dichloroethene (trans-1,2 DCE) and trichloroethene (TCE). Total benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) concentrations were <10,000 μg/l. Contaminated groundwater was funneled into a gate, 3.0 m wide, 4.5 m long and 6.0 m deep (keyed into the underlying aquitard) where treatment occurred. The initial gate segment consisted of granular iron, for the reductive dechlorination of the higher chlorinated ethenes. The second segment, the biosparge zone, promoted aerobic biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons and any remaining lesser-chlorinated compounds, stimulated by dissolved oxygen (DO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) additions via an in situ sparge system (CO₂ was used to neutralize the high pH produced from reactions in the iron wall). Groundwater was drawn through the gate by pumping two wells located at the sealed, downgradient, end. Over a 4-month period an estimated 1350 g of cDCE flowed into the treatment gate and the iron wall removed 1230 g, or 91% of the mass. The influent mass of VC was 572 g and the iron wall removed 535 g, corresponding to 94% mass removal. The other chlorinated ethenes had significantly lower influent masses (3 to 108 g) and the iron wall removed the majority of the mass resulting in >96% mass removal for any of the compounds. In spite of these high removal percentages, laboratory column tests indicated that at these levels of chlorinated contaminants, surface saturation of the iron grains likely contributed to lower than expected reaction rates. In the biosparge zone, mass removal of cDCE appeared to occur predominantly by biodegradation (65%) with volatilization (35%) being an important secondary process. The dominant removal process for VC was volatilization (70%) although significant biodegradation was also indicated (30%). Laboratory microcosm results confirmed the potential for aerobic biodegradation of cDCE and VC. When average influent field concentrations for cDCE and VC were 220,000 and 46,000 μg/l, respectively, the sequential treatment unit removed 99.6% of the total mass and when the influent concentrations decreased to 26,000 and 19,000 μg/l for cDCE and VC, respectively, >99.9% removal within the treatment gate was attained. BTEX compounds were found to be significantly retarded in the iron treatment zone. Although they did eventually break through the granular iron, and into the gravel transition zone, none of these compounds was detected in the biosparge zone. No noticeable interferences between the anaerobic (reductive) and aerobic parts of the system occurred during testing. The results of this experiment show that in situ treatment sequences are viable, although further work is needed to optimize performance.     

铁促电解法处理垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物

采用铁促电解法处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液;考察了FeSO₄浓度、初始pH值、电流(电压)对污染物去除的影响.结果表明,与传统电解氧化降解有机物相比,铁促电解显著提高了有机污染物的去除效率;FeSO₄浓度越大,有机物去除效果越高;电解介质合理的初始pH值为3.0～4.0;铁促电解对渗滤液COD_Cr与NH₃^-N的去除率分别为68.37%,89.07%,色度和浊度的去除率大于98%.     

散射光下铁(Ⅲ)-丙酮酸盐配合物还原铬(Ⅵ)的研究

研究了在散射光下铁（Ⅲ）-丙酮酸盐配合物对铬（Ⅵ）的光还原反应;考察了溶液pH、铁（Ⅲ）、丙酮酸钠、铬（Ⅵ）浓度对反应的影响;分析了铬（Ⅵ）光还原反应的动力学。实验结果表明：铁（Ⅲ）-丙酮酸盐配合物体系能在较弱的散射光下还原铬（Ⅵ）。在铬（Ⅵ）浓度为19．2μmol／L、铁（Ⅲ）浓度为10．0μmol／L、丙酮酸钠浓度为240μmol／L、pH为3．0、光照240min的条件下,铬（Ⅵ）的还原率达到99．7％。从表观动力学方程的反应级数看,铁（Ⅲ）的级数（0．83）最高,铁（Ⅲ）浓度是影响铬（Ⅵ）光还原反廊速率的主要因素．铁（Ⅱ）是铬（Ⅵ）光还原的主要还原剂。     

铁硫化物对高砷地下水中As(Ⅲ)的去除效果研究

高砷地下水具有极高的毒性,人类长期饮用高砷地下水可造成砷中毒.在查明山阴地区高砷地下水污染特征的基础上,将室内批试验与PHREEQC软件数值模拟相结合,考察了投料比、pH值对铁硫化物除砷效果的影响,为原位修复高砷地下水工艺确定了最佳条件.结果表明:山阴地区砷超标地下水样的pH值为7.6?8.5,总砷浓度为17～242 ...     

零价铁对污泥高温厌氧消化过程中四环素抗性基因及第一类整合子的消减影响

为研究污泥高温厌氧消化过程中零价铁(Fe0)对抗生素抗性基因的消减影响,采用荧光定量PCR方法定量检测了7种四环素抗性基因(TC-ARGs,包括tetA、tetC、tetG、tetM、tetO、tetW和tetX)及第一类整合子int I1基因在厌氧消化过程中的丰度变化,同时检测分析了挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)的质量浓度变化,并探讨了目标基因与VFAs之间的相关关系.结果表明,适量Fe0(如0.10 g·g~(-1),以Fe0/VSS计)不仅可以强化污泥厌氧消化进程,显著提高总VFAs和乙酸的产生量,而且能够增强TCARGs和int I1基因的消减效果.尽管如此,过量Fe0(如1.17 g·g~(-1),以Fe0/VSS计)对污泥高温厌氧消化过程中TC-ARGs和int I1基因消减的增强效果并不显著,推测可能是由于基因水平转移的发生所导致的.通过相关性分析可知,TC-ARGs(除tetO基因外)和int I1基因与乙酸之间存在显著负相关性,表明乙酸可能对TC-ARGs和int I1基因的消减具有促进作用.