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391.
膜法脱盐技术在钢铁企业污水回用中的应用分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
钢铁企业综合污水处理厂的出水脱盐处理回用具有重要意义,本文对国内一些钢铁企业采用的膜法脱盐技术的优缺点进行了分析,并提出了改进方案。  相似文献   
392.
分析我国钢铁行业烧结烟气脱硫现状,论述了脱硫石膏的特性,指出了脱硫石膏的综合利用价值,其社会效益和经济效益是巨大的.  相似文献   
393.
青龙县部分铁矿企业的无序开采给水土保持、生态环境带来了严重危害。落实科学发展观,以生态科学为指导,建设资源节约型、环境友好型的铁矿开采企业迫在眉睫。为此提出以下防治对策:加大执法力度,加强对铁矿企业的监管;编报水土保持方案,严格审批服务;因地制宜,采取水土保持措施;强化铁矿企业生态环境保护,推广尾矿综合利用。  相似文献   
394.
Microorganisms are responsible for the bulk of transformations that occur in surficial sediments. They are most active at redox boundaries where they can benefit from access to various oxidants and reductants generated during redox cycling events. To illustrate the dynamics of microbially mediated processes, especially those involving sulfur and metal cycles, processes were compared in habitats either bioturbated by a capitellid worm or inhabited by a salt marsh grass. The presence of macrofauna and macroflora greatly altered the three-dimensional array of redox gradients in sediments, but the type and form of reductants and oxidants provided varied greatly; clastic sedimentary infauna subducted solid phase organic material and iron oxides, whereas plant roots released dissolved organic matter and oxygen. These differences resulted in a bioturbated system that exhibited a rapid sulfur cycle (residence time of minutes), but a slower iron cycle (days), whereas vegetation caused a slow sulfur cycle and rapid iron cycle. Alteration of sediments by higher life forms also greatly affected the composition and relative abundances of sedimentary bacteria, even on short time scales. Although redox cycling at interfaces can be somewhat predictable, variations in response to biological and physical perturbations demonstrated wide differences in the dynamics of redox-mediated processes.  相似文献   
395.
Chemical immobilisation of inorganic contaminants by increasing the sorption capacity of soils and/or promoting the formation of sparingly soluble precipitates may be a cost-effective approach to counteract groundwater pollution. This study focuses on the enhanced retention of arsenic in two contaminated soils by addition of solid iron(II)sulphate. Four lab-scale column experiments were performed under unsaturated conditions with subsoil material sampled at a former timber preservation site and a pigment production plant. Arsenic effluent concentrations indicated 89.9 to 99.8% immobilisation in the treated columns. Sequential extractions showed a shift in contaminant binding forms towards the iron(hydr)oxide and residual fractions. Possible immobilisation mechanisms are the precipitation of FeAs phases, the formation of inner sphere complexes, and/or the occlusion of arsenic in newly formed amorphous/crystalline iron oxides. Bromide breakthrough curves point to the fact that the addition of iron(II)sulphate only moderately affects soil hydraulic properties. In contrast to reduced emissions of arsenic, increased seepage water concentrations were observed for other trace elements (e.g., cobalt, nickel, zinc). Mass balances indicate that this effect is primarily related to the temporary pH-drop caused by the oxidation of ferrous iron. The results show that chemical immobilisation using iron(II)sulphate is a promising way to protect groundwater quality at sites contaminated with timber preservation and pigment production remnants. As a prerequisite, optimum amendment levels need to be established and practical/field tests should be accompanied by a monitoring for a broad range of relevant trace elements.  相似文献   
396.
含铁物质对燃煤污染特性的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
利用DTA-TG-DTG设备实验研究了FeCl3、FeCl2和Fe2O3等含铁物质对燃煤污染特性的影响.结果表明:实验所用的几种含铁化合物均能够改变燃煤污染物的排放规律,但不同种类的含铁物质对燃煤污染特性影响机理不同,所取得的污染物减排效果也不同.在煤燃烧以及煤中S与N向SO2及NO转化的过程中,FeCl3既起到催化剂的作用,同时又起吸收剂的作用.FeCl3催化作用表现在降低了SO2和NO生成反应的表观活化能,使SO2和NO能够在较低温度时迅速形成,加快了SO2和NO生成反应的速率.FeCl3的催化效果与S在煤中的存在形态有关.FeCl3的吸收作用表现在FeCl3本身能够参与SO2的吸收反应生成FeSO4或Fe2(SO4)3.此外,FeCl3还能够改变CO的排放特性,即能够改变煤的燃烧特性.FeCl2对烟气中SO2、NO和CO排放特性的影响与FeCl3相似,但影响效果比FeCl23略差.Fe2O3也能够降低烟气中SO2和NO的体积分数,但Fe2O4只是吸收剂,对SO2和NO的生成过程没有催化作用.Fe2O3对CO排放特性的影响不大.  相似文献   
397.
The study describes the diversity of actinobacteria isolated from the marine sponge Iotrochota sp. collected in the South China Sea. Species and natural product diversity of isolates were analyzed, including screening for genes encoding polyketide synthases (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), and 16S rRNA gene restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). PKS and NRPS sequences were detected in more than half of the isolates and the different “PKS-I–PKS-II–NRPS” combinations in different isolates belonging to the same species indicated a potential natural product diversity and divergent genetic evolution. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the isolates belonged to genera Streptomyces, Cellulosimicrobium, and Nocardiopsis. The majority of the strains tested belonged to the genus Streptomyces and one of them may be a new species. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a bacterium classified as Cellulosimicrobium sp. isolated from a marine sponge. Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-recourses Sustainable Utilization (LMB-CAS), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica (LMMM-GD), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, People’s Republic of China.  相似文献   
398.
催化铁内电解-生化法处理印染废水   总被引:36,自引:1,他引:35  
纺织印染废水水质变化大、色度高,直接生物处理难度大.采用催化铁内电解法对浙江某地区的印染废水进行预处理,有效地去除了对生物有抑制的有机物,为后续的生化处理创造了有利条件,CODCr去除率达到85%;过去难以解决的色度问题也得到了有效的解决,可去除废水色度90%以上.另外,简要探讨了金属粒径,pH,温度等因素对去除有机物的影响.近40 d的连续流试验证明,内电解-生化工艺具有处理效果好、出水水质稳定、工艺设备简单、操作管理方便、能耗低等特点,是处理印染废水的有效方法之一.   相似文献   
399.
硝基苯类化合物在铜电极上的电还原特性和还原机理   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
采用循环伏安法,对硝基苯类化合物在铜电极表面上的电还原特性进行了研究,评价了它们在铜电极上的电还原反应活性,分析了此类化合物在铜电极上的还原机理,并且讨论了电还原反应活性和此类化合物结构之间的关系.结果表明,硝基苯类化合物在铜电极表面有还原电位,也就是说,能在铜电极表面被直接还原.  相似文献   
400.
Oxidative disintegration of municipal waste activated sludge (WAS) using conventional Fenton (Fe2+ + H2O2, CFP) and Fenton type (Fe0 + H2O2, FTP) processes was investigated and compared in terms of the efficiency of sludge disintegration and enhancement of anaerobic biodegradability. The influences of different operational variables namely sludge pH, initial concentration of Fe2+ or Fe0, and H2O2 were studied in detail. The optimum conditions have been found as catalyst iron dosage = 4 g/kg TS, H2O2 dosage = 40 g/kg TS and pH = 3 within 1 h oxidation period for both CFP and FTP. Kinetics studies were performed under optimal conditions. It was determined that the sludge disintegration was happened in two stages by both processes: rapid and subsequent slow disintegration stages and rapid sludge disintegration stage can be described by a zero-order kinetic model. The effects of oxidative sludge disintegration under the optimum conditions on anaerobic digestion were experienced with biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay in batch anaerobic reactors. Total methane production in the CFP and FTP pre-treated reactors increased by 26.9% and 38.0%, relative to the untreated reactor (digested the raw WAS). Furthermore, the total chemical oxygen demand reductions in the pre-treated reactors were improved as well.  相似文献   
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