Investigation of a pyrophoric iron fire in a Visbreaker fractionation column provides better cleaning work procedure

An unexpected ignition of pyrophoric iron sulphide deposits took place in the fractionator of a Visbreaker unit. The distillation column had been chemically decontaminated prior to the event. The investigation of the event leads to conclusions concerning chemical decontamination limitations in vessels in coking service. Based on the lessons learned from this case, a prioritization of manual vessel cleaning works in coking service is proposed.     

处理含铁尘泥的DRI工艺优选及废气污染防治

将高炉炼铁及炼钢时产生的含铁尘泥作为配料回用于烧结生产是目前较常使用的方法,但是这些尘泥之中的重金属Zn和Pb可能会对烧结和后续的高炉炼铁产生不良影响,通过对直接还原铁的工艺和设备进行综合对比,确定以转底炉为主要设备的煤基直接还原工艺较为适合处理炼铁及炼钢的含铁尘泥,并对转底炉工艺的原理及污染防治措施进行了讨论,最后提出了该工艺和钢铁联合企业之间的循环经济产业链。     

钢铁行业碳排放量核算方法的实证性研究

介绍了碳排放量核算的基本原理与通用方法。以某钢铁公司焦化厂CO2排放量计算为实例,对比分析了物料衡算法和经验计算法的合理性和准确性。研究发现,对于钢铁企业来说,采用IPCC方法进行CO2排放量的计算是可行的。     

江汉油田老二站提高水质达标率研究

江汉油田老二站采出水经典处理后回注,出水悬浮物、Fe2+和细菌均超标严重,水质达标率低.通过工艺调整,工艺前段利用SRB的除铁作用大幅度降低Fe2+含量;絮凝沉降阶段依据Fenton反应原理,借助H2O2的氧化除铁与杀菌作用,提高絮凝沉降效率,降低悬浮物含量;工艺末段选用多种杀菌剂交替杀菌.结果表明,工艺调整后以100 mg/L的H2O2代替原絮凝剂,间歇添加100 mg/L的杀菌剂Ⅱ,出水含铁1.5 mg/L、悬浮物3.0 mg/L、SRB 10个/mL,老二站水质达到注水水质标准要求,水质达标率达80％.     

低温地下水净化工艺中氨氮去除性能及机制

在东北某自来水厂,以中试滤柱开展了低温（5~6℃）高铁锰氨[Fe（Ⅱ）11.9~14.8 mg·L^-1、Mn（Ⅱ）1.1~1.5 mg·L^-1和NH₄⁺-N 1.1~3.2 mg·L^-1]净化工艺实验,以探究氨氮去除途径与生物滤柱的除氨性能.结果表明,滤柱在启动初期就对氨氮具有良好的去除效果,通过理论分析与实验验证可知,TN_loss是由铁氧化物对氨氮吸附造成,氨氮转化为硝氮的过程是生物硝化作用.氨氮质量浓度提高过程中,由于吸附位点有限,铁氧化物对氨氮的吸附量稳定在1 mg·L^-1左右,氨氮氧化去除量不断增加,其中在滤柱上部滤层的去除量远大于下部滤层,DO是限制氨氮氧化去除量进一步增加的限制因素.滤速提升过程中,铁氧化物对氨氮吸附时间缩短,吸附量有所减少,空床接触时间（empty bed contact time,EBCT）缩短,使得单位体积滤料中硝化菌硝化去除的氨氮减少,需要增加滤层厚度以提升氨氮去除效果.     

Novel approach to control adsorbent aggregation: iron fixed bentonite-fly ash for Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) removal from aqueous media

In the present study, a novel approach was used to control zero valent iron aggregation and separation problems by fixing zero valent iron (ZVI) on bentonite-fly ash pellets. For this purpose, porous low cost bentonite-fly ash (BFA) pellets with size of 2.00 cm in length and 0.35 cm in diameter were prepared and fixed with ZVI to manufacture zero valent iron bentonite-fly ash (ZVI-BFA) pellets. Importantly, unlike powdered adsorbents, ZVI-BFA can easily be separated from final effluents when exhausted without any disintegration. The performance of the developed novel adsorbent was investigated for the removal of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ from aqueous media. At 100 mg·L^–1 and 1 g adsorbent, a maximum of 89.5% of Cd²⁺ and 95.6% of Pb²⁺ was removed by ZVI-BFA as compared to 56% and 95% removal by BFA. At 200 mg·L^–1, Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ removal by ZVI-BFA was 56% and 99.8% respectively as compared to only 28% and 96% by BFA. Further, the removal kinetics was best fitted for pseudo-second order model. The study provides the basis for improving the removal capacity of porous materials by iron fixation while taking separation ability into consideration.

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连续管钻塞水平段铁屑运移机理研究

针对水平井段连续管钻磨桥塞时铁屑运移规律尚认识不清,沉积的铁屑堆积在井下工具周围而导致卡钻的问题,在欧拉坐标系下考虑相间滑移速度以及铁屑流参数,建立了三维井眼环空铁屑运移模型,采用Standard κ－ε湍流模型及SIMPLEC算法进行数值计算,研究了环空偏心度、钻塞液排量、铁屑直径、钻塞液粘度和铁屑体积分数对水平段铁屑运移的影响,得到了环空铁屑体积分数和固定铁屑床高度的分布规律。研究表明:增大钻塞液排量、减小铁屑直径、减小环空偏心度、增大钻塞液粘度和减小铁屑体积分数,可提高连续管钻塞水平段铁屑运移效率。水平段铁屑运移机理研究可为连续管钻磨桥塞卡钻问题的解决提供技术支持。     

凝结水处理技术在大港石化的应用

根据石化行业凝结水污染的特点,结合大港石化动力车间凝结水处理前的现状及凝结水含油、铁及其他离子的情况,采用了复合双层膜凝结水处理技术对凝结水中的油、铁进行去除,运行实践证明油的去除率≥90％,铁的去除率≥80％,出水符合国家锅炉补水标准,并具有运行成本低等特点。此项技术填补了石化行业凝结水除油除铁的空白。     

Fe<Superscript>0</Superscript>-based system as innovative technology for degrading trichloromethane: Redox removal characteristics

BACKGROUND: The spent waste of aliphatic chlorinated solvents has caused severe deterioration of groundwater quality. Trichloromethane (TCM), which shows health and toxicological effects on human beings, was selected as a model compound to be dechlorinated through a redox system. METHODS: The Fe0-based system including Fe0/H2O, Fe0/UV, Fe0/H2O2, and Fe0/UV/H2O2 was explored to evaluate its performance in dechlorinating TCM. H2O2 was dosed at later reaction time points to initiate Fenton or photo-Fenton reactions. The first two systems demonstrate the reductive dechlorination of TCM by Fe0-released electrons, while the latter two show dechlorination of TCM by both electron reduction and hydroxyl radical oxidation. The system parameters of TCM remaining, Cl- buildup, Fe2+ accumulation, H2O2 residue, and ORP were measured to describe different redox characteristics of TCM dechlorination. The Cl- buildup was used as a way to describe the degree of TCM dechlorination in an open reaction system. RESULTS: Reductive dechlorination efficiencies of TCM were 5% and 6% for the systems of Fe0/H2O and Fe0/UV, respectively. In contrast, the Fe/H2O2 and Fe0/UV/H2O2 systems were capable of dechlorinating TCM reductively and oxidatively by 14% and 15%, respectively. The presence of UV light was found to retard the dissolution of Fe2+, but it enhanced the rate of chloride buildup, based on the comparison of Fe0/H2O and Fe0/UV systems. In addition, WV irradiation plays only a minor role in the Fe0/UV/H2O2 system, in view of TCM dechlorination. Application of small amount of H2O2 results in the increase of Fe2+ accumulation rate in the Fe0/H2O2 system. CONCLUSIONS: TCM was dechlorinated mostly through post Fenton oxidation; reductive reaction represents a less efficient way to dechlorinate TCM. The efficiencies of overall TCM dechlorination for the two systems of Fe0/H2O2 and Fe0/UV/ H2O2 are comparable to each other, and this implies that the presence of UV irradiation imposes no significant enhancement. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOKS: It is highly recommended to initiate effective redox dechlorination of TCM with the system of Fe0/H2O2, where the H2O2 in excess is applied at a later reaction time point.     

金山店铁矿平行矿体地下开采地表沉降物理模拟预测研究

根据金山店铁矿张福山矿区平行矿体的赋存特点，采用物理相似模拟方法，研究和预测了矿体地下开采过程中地表的沉降和位移规律。研究结论对于矿山安全地安排井下采矿生产、适时地进行地面建（构）筑物的搬迁以及土地的征购等，具有指导意义。