宝钢电厂3号火电机组电除尘系统改造

结合工程实例,从除尘器入口烟气降温、除尘器设备本体、引风机三个方面提出了大型钢铁企业火电机组电除尘系统的改造思路,根据对改造后近两年多运行情况的调研,以实际效果验证了改造的成功,为大型钢铁企业类似自备火电机组的电除尘系统改造提供了借鉴。     

卷烟厂技改项目的异味气体治理工程

某卷烟厂根据"十一五规划"进行异地扩建,重新建设一套异味气体污染治理工程。针对车间排风量大和异味气体释放点源多特点,采取治理工艺各有不同,既达到相应处理效果又节省投资;采用注入式低温等离子体工艺强化对异味气体处理,解决了设备受污染和大风量异味气体难处理等问题,成为整套治理工艺的特色。     

Effect of tunnel inclination on digging energetics in the tuco-tuco, Ctenomys talarum (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae)

Burrows play an important role for many species, providing them with shelter and access to food resources. For subterranean rodents, living underground imposes constraints on morphology and physiology. The convergence in burrow architecture among subterranean rodents has been related to the energy demands imposed by the cost of constructing an entire system. The low frequency of tunnels with downward angles steeper than 40° appears to be a common feature in burrow design. In the subterranean habitat, movements through the soil are expensive and gravity can exert important restrictions on digging energetics when individuals push out the soil removed in steeper digging angles. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of digging angle on digging energetics in Ctenomys talarum. The mass of the removed soil and burrowing speed were similar while digging metabolic rate and net cost of transport were higher in individuals digging in tunnels with angles >40° than in those digging tunnels with angles <40°. The cost of constructing a burrow in the horizontal plane differed by 20% from others in which the natural representation of tunnels >40° was considered. Even given that tunnels >40° represented only 6% of the total burrow length, burrow architecture appears to be constrained by the high energetic cost of constructing in steeper angles.     

Droplet size spectra and deposits of two aerially sprayed Bacillus thuringiensis formulations on artificial samplers and live foliage

Abstract

Two commercial formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (BTK), Foray^® 48B and Thuricide^® 48LV, were applied aerially over nine spray blocks in a hardwood forest in West Virginia in 1991. Droplet spectra and spray mass deposits were determined using water‐sensitive paper strips (WSPS), glass micro‐fiber filters (GMFFs), glass plates and castor oil. Mass deposits of BTK were also assessed on natural foliage by two bioassay methods, i.e., feeding of homogenized foliage containing a starch‐sucrose solution and force‐feeding bioassay of foliar extracts containing re‐dissolved protein precipitate. Deposits on canopy foliage and ground samplers were also assessed by total protein assay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Droplet spectra on the WSPS were different from those on castor oil. Droplets on horizontal ground WSPS were larger than those on vertical ground WSPS. WSPS placed at canopy level collected more droplets than those at ground level. The total protein deposits (ng/cm²) were consistently higher on all blocks than the delta‐endotoxin protein deposits. Spray mass recovery on the ground samplers were low, and ranged from 2.9 to 8.0% of the applied rates.     

Assessment of aerial spray deposits in a spruce forest using in‐flight microencapsulation technique

Abstract

Spray drops were counted and sized on Kromekote® cards at ground level, and on spruce foliage at canopy level, after aerial application of a formulation containing a microencapsulation medium, over a spruce forest in Ontario. The majority of drops (70%) on foliage was 20 ‐ 75 µm range. A coarse drop size spectrum was observed on cards with a maximum diameter (Dmax) of 380 µm, and with 85% of the drops = 130 µm in diameter. Foliar drop analysis, on the other hand, indicated a finer spectrum with a Dmax of 150 µm, and with 85% of the drops = 75 µm. These results were explained on the basis of formulation ingredients, atomizer setting, weather factors, and drop retention on target surfaces. The assessment of spray deposits on glass plates at ground level indicated that about 16% of the applied spray volume reached the forest floor, a value which is comparable to those obtained in previous forestry applications using the ultra‐low‐volume (ULV) technique.     

Early Responses to Acute Ozone Exposure in Two Fagus Sylvatica Clones Differing in Xeromorphic Adaptations: Photosynthetic and Stomatal Processes, Membrane and Epicuticular Characteristics

Two Fagus sylvatica L. clones were used to investigate the early responses to acute O₃ exposure (150 nL L⁻¹, i.e., 1.35× ambient hourly peak in rural Italy) and whether xeromorphic adaptations affect gas exchange, membrane, and epicuticular responses. One clone originated in a wet and temperate climate in Central Italy (Tuscany); the other clone originated in a warmer and drier climate in the southern-most part of the F. sylvatica distribution (Sicily). Because of higher base gas exchange rates, the most negative effects of O₃ exposure (gas exchange impairment, uncoupling between net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, increased membrane lipid peroxidation) were found in the southern clone. Xeromorphic adaptations (higher epicuticular waxes and stomatal density, lower leaf wettability and size) were found in this clone. Our results suggest that xeromorphism may increase O₃ sensitivity in species not adapted to face water stress, like the mesophilic F. sylvatica, when experiments are carried out with full irrigation. We present evidence describing the relationship between gas exchange and number and status of stomata. Stomatal density and the structural damage to stomata resulting from O₃ exposure did not affect gas exchange: In fact, non-stomatal limitations to photosynthesis prevailed over stomatal limitations.     

高压离线侧喷脉冲袋式除尘技术在水泥磨上的应用

以新疆天山水泥股份有限公司一分厂1水泥磨除尘系统技术改造为实例,阐述了获1993年国家环保最佳实用技术推广的LCPM型高压离线侧喷脉冲袋除尘器在水泥磨系统的应用及产生的效果。     

喷嘴角度对脱硫塔内气液两相流场的影响

提出了采用数值模拟的方法研究喷嘴角度对脱硫塔内部气液两相流场的影响。由于实际脱硫塔尺寸庞大,给实验研究带来困难且成本很高,在数值模拟平台上,分别模拟了45°、75°和-30°3种喷嘴角度布置下脱硫塔内部速度场、温度场变化以及湍流强度的分布情况。结果表明,在角度为-30°布置时速度场变化不是很剧烈,脱硫塔进出口温差比较理想,湍流强度在脱硫塔底部较大随着塔高的增加缓慢降低,这样有助于气液两相均匀混合,并控制出口烟温,有利于提高脱硫效率。     

Droplet size spectra and deposits of Bacillus thuringiensis aerial sprays,following application at two volume rates over an oak forest

Abstract

Dipel® 8AF, a commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) was sprayed undiluted at 30 BIU in 1.8L/ha over a block B1, and sprayed after dilution with water at 30 BIU in 6.2 L/ha over another block B2 in an oak forest infested with the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) in southeastern Ontario, Canada. Spray was applied in May 1987 using a Cessna 188 Agtruck aircraft equipped with four Hicronair^® AU4000 atomizers. Droplet sizes were measured at mid‐canopy level of oak trees and at ground level using cylindrical Kromekote® cards. Deposit per unit area was assessed on aluminum oak leaves.

At the lower volume rate of 1.8 L/ha, spray droplets were smaller and droplets/cm² were lower on the cylindrical Kromekote cards in B1 than those obtained in B2 which received the higher volume rate of 6.2 L/ha. The average deposit per unit area of the aluminum oak leaves, expressed in nL of the spray volume per cm² surface area, was also correspondingly lower in B1 than in B2. This was attributed to the higher volume rate of spray application used in B2 than in B1, which resulted in larger droplets and a greater volume deposit/cm² in B2.     

生物滴滤-生物过滤组合工艺处理汽车喷漆废气中试研究

采用中试规模的生物滴滤-生物过滤组合工艺设备处理某汽车厂喷漆车间废气,研究了组合式反应器对废气的净化效果和2处理单元对污染组分的去除能力及微生物特性.该汽车厂喷漆车间废气中的主要组分为甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、丁醇、丙酮和甲基丙基甲酮.组合式反应器对废气中的污染物有较好的处理效果,但不同的污染组分在不同处理单元...