河套灌区春小麦-萝卜复种模式下土壤NO3--N动态

研究了河套灌区春小麦-萝卜复种模式下,土壤、土壤溶液和地下水NO₃^--N浓度的动态变化.结果表明:随着试验时间的延长,土壤表层NO₃^--N含量降低,深层(100～150cm)增加;土壤溶液中、下层NO₃^--N浓度(70、120cm)显著高于上层(30cm),尤其是在萝卜生长季.当前的灌溉条件下,不同年度、不同生长季土壤NO₃^--N淋失量的多少与土壤水分的下渗量密切相关,且输入的氮素中有30%以上以NO₃^--N的形式淋失掉.施肥区地下水NO₃^--N浓度显著高于未施肥区,且65.5%的水样超过WHO规定的上限(11.3mg/L).总之,经过连续2a的春小麦与萝卜复种可使表层土壤NO₃^--N含量明显降低,但由于中、下层土壤剖面中残留大量的NO₃^--N,因此在当前灌溉措施下,短期内NO₃^--N淋失是不可避免的.     

A NOTE ON SPRING WARMING IN LAKE SUPERIOR1

ABSTRACT. Temperature recorder data from central Lake Superior obtained from May through July, 1967, are used to describe the spring warming of this deep lake. Data from the 30, 91 and 150 m levels suggest that water descending in the thermal bar spreads lakeward, filling the lake with an increasingly thick layer of maximum density water. Lakeward of the thermal bar, local warming is relatively slow preceeding and following the passage of the reverse thermocline at a given level.     

我国温泉旅游资源的开发与利用

我国温泉旅游资源丰富,目前已经形成了一批成熟的温泉旅游度假区,但是当前我国对温泉旅游资源的稀缺性和脆弱性认识不足,温泉旅游项目建设存在贵族化、劣势产品"搭便车"趋向、旅游功能单一等问题.提出充分重视温泉旅游资源的价值,根据市场状况合理选择开发模式,对本地洗浴客人和外来公务游客作重点营销,保持温泉旅游产品的价格优势,开发多元化旅游产品.     

玉米育苗移栽防御低温冷害和春旱试验研究

为防御玉米低温冷害和春旱,在吉林省东部开展了玉米育苗移栽田间试验。结果表明,玉米育苗移栽是一项简便有效的防灾、减灾实用技术。利用该项技术可增加220～250℃·d积温,因此可采用较当地大田播种生育期长10～15天、所需积温多230℃·d的偏晚熟品种,以避开播种出苗期干旱;产量和产值分别提高40%和35%左右,并可提早成熟,防霜害,提高玉米品质。     

EflFect of long-term ozone fumigation on growth development and yield of spring wheat in open-top field chamber

The experimental plants were grown in open-top chamber and exposed to 0.26 ppm of ozone for six hrs. per day from seedling stage till ripening. The results showed that the height of plants, rates of earing, flowering, grain forming, ripening and the weight/1000 kernels all declined in fumigated plants in comparison with the controls. The yield lost 76.7%. The actual actions of ozone were that it caused foliar injury and chlorophyll destruction accelerating leaf senescence, reduction of assimilation products. O3 was unfavorable injurious to transport and accumulation of substances to the grains after flowering.     

A preliminary study on simplified simulation model of spring wheat growth

In the model developed in this paper, taking the characters and requirements of meteorological services into account, some conventional meteorological observations which are easy to be obtained have been ch.osen, and mathematical equations describing micro-growth processes of crops have been established on the basis of the field experiments, laboratorial analysis and computer's modelling tests with time interval of ten-days for several years (1987-1989), in accordance with the known biological and physical rules and corresponding reference literatures. It is a preliminary simplified simulation model of spring wheat growth in optimal water and nutrient conditions. The field experiments show that simulation results of this simplified model are satisfactory. The potential operational application and theoretical sense are significant in the meteorological forecast of yield and in the assessment of influences of climatic change on agriculture.     

青岛即墨温泉沉积物特征及其对地热资源的标识意义

文章结合多种技术手段对青岛即墨温泉盆地第四纪沉积物进行研究。通过研究发现，在即墨温泉典型沉积物（矿泥）中，含有大量石膏、岩盐等与高矿化温泉地热水密切相关的自生矿物，以直隶小旋螺为代表的腹足类陆生软体动物化石和以土星介为代表的节肢动物介形虫化石在远离温泉喷口处大量分布，而在喷口附近缺失。根据胶东地区现有温泉与温泉沉积物的渊源关系，建立温泉沉积物对隐伏地热资源的标识性特征。     

Coexistence of Plants and Coexistence of Farmers: Is an Individual Choice Possible?

The introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in Europe has been characterized by controversy. In 2002, the European Union introduced the concept of “coexistence” as a compromise solution that, through the establishment of science-based technical measures, should allow the market to operate freely while reducing policy conflicts on GMOs. However, the concept remains highly contested and the technical measures difficult to apply. This paper presents qualitative research on the conceptualization and implementation of the coexistence framework in two regions of Spain (Catalonia and Aragon), where 42% and 55% of maize was GM in 2006, respectively. In this context, the concept of coexistence and its proposed implementation both fail to resolve previous conflicts and actually work to generate new ones through the individualization of choice and impacts. Considerations of the social conditions in which the technology and the management measures are implemented were not taken into account. This resulted in the promotion of biotechnological agriculture over other alternatives.     

蚯蚓(Eisennia foetida)对玉米根际As、P形态转化及其吸收的影响

从湖南省石门县的As矿区附近采集不同程度As污染的农田土壤,通过盆栽添加秸秆和接种蚯蚓等处理来研究蚯蚓对玉米根际As、P形态转化及其吸收的影响,10周后收获玉米,测定了玉米生物量、体内As、P含量以及根际土壤中As、P形态.结果发现,与对照相比,不论土壤含As浓度高低,接种蚯蚓或同时施加秸秆增加玉米地上部和地下部的生物量,最高分别高出对照149％和222％.在中、高As土壤中,玉米地下部As浓度是蚯蚓和同时添加秸秆处理中最高,地上部是单接蚯蚓处理高于单施秸秆处理.不同As浓度下,地下部P浓度是单接蚯蚓处理的最高,地上部是单施秸秆处理的最高.逐级提取法分析根际土壤As、P形态表明,低As土壤中Ca-P影响玉米吸收As（r=0.981）,中、高As土壤中晶态的Fe、Al水合氧化物态As不利于玉米吸收Al-P,相关性系数分别为0.953、0.997.接种蚯蚓或同时施加秸秆,促进根际土壤中非专性吸附态的、Fe和Al结合态的As形态含量以及O-P含量升高,在中、高As土壤中效果更明显.     

Ultrastructure effects of omethoate and cypermethrin insecticides on maize seedlings

Increasing studies suggest that insecticides are one of the plant stress elements that affect plant growth and productivity by interfering with cell metabolic and biochemical activities. Here, we show that the application of commonly used pesticides omethoate and cypermethrin on maize (Zea mays L. cv. Luyu 9) seedling leaves resulted in adverse effects on leaf ultrastructure changes under laboratory conditions. Electron microscopic studies reveal that the topical application of organophosphorus insecticide omethoate causes direct injury of leaf ultrastructures including cell wall breakdown of abaxial epidermis cells, inner cells, stomata guard cells; degradation of mitochondrial membrane, and chloroplast envelope membrane; and abnormal changes of lamella arrangement of chloroplast. And the topical application of cypermethrin insecticide causes plasmolysis of cells of the adaxial epidermis, mitochondrial cristae are degraded, and loosen arranged lamella of amyloplasts. All these changes indicated that omethoate and cypermethrin are stress factors that caused adverse effects on plant ultrastructures and biochemical molecules.