全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1362篇 |
免费 | 151篇 |
国内免费 | 734篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 129篇 |
废物处理 | 42篇 |
环保管理 | 149篇 |
综合类 | 1371篇 |
基础理论 | 221篇 |
污染及防治 | 215篇 |
评价与监测 | 83篇 |
社会与环境 | 36篇 |
灾害及防治 | 1篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 14篇 |
2023年 | 44篇 |
2022年 | 79篇 |
2021年 | 79篇 |
2020年 | 73篇 |
2019年 | 92篇 |
2018年 | 81篇 |
2017年 | 73篇 |
2016年 | 84篇 |
2015年 | 110篇 |
2014年 | 92篇 |
2013年 | 149篇 |
2012年 | 127篇 |
2011年 | 130篇 |
2010年 | 104篇 |
2009年 | 95篇 |
2008年 | 79篇 |
2007年 | 107篇 |
2006年 | 94篇 |
2005年 | 77篇 |
2004年 | 62篇 |
2003年 | 73篇 |
2002年 | 43篇 |
2001年 | 35篇 |
2000年 | 35篇 |
1999年 | 55篇 |
1998年 | 38篇 |
1997年 | 25篇 |
1996年 | 21篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2247条查询结果,搜索用时 203 毫秒
151.
Exposure to iron oxides dusts may lead to lung cancers among exposed population. To evaluate the involvement of iron‐containing particles in lipid peroxidation by production of reactive oxygen species, hematite, magnetite (iron oxides), and crocidolite (asbestos compound) were tested. The peroxidation was followed by the evaluation of some degradation products of lino‐lenic acid. In a buffered medium, magnetite is higher active than hematite. The addition of an iron chelator (EDTA) or of a reducing agent (ascorbate) in this medium enhances the activity of hematite and magnetite, and the combination of both EDTA and ascorbate increases their activity. Crocidolite is the most active whatever the medium. The appearance of the EDTA‐iron‐oxygen complexes related to the reactivity of these oxides is postulated. These results suggest that the oxidizing activity triggered by hematite and magnetite, in a medium containing an iron chelator and a reducing agent, may lead to damages in biological medium. 相似文献
152.
John R. Thene Heinz G. Stefan Ekaterini I. Daniil 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1989,25(6):1189-1198
ABSTRACT: A method to evaluate the effect of hydropower development on downstream dissolved oxygen (DO) is presented for a low head dam. Water, previously aerated during release over spillways and under gates, is diverted through the hydropower facility without further aeration. The oxygen transfer that occurs as a result of air entrainment at the various release points of a dam is measured. Oxygen transfer efficiencies are calculated and incorporated into an oxygen transfer model to predict average release DO concentrations. This model is used to systematically determine the effect of hydropower operation on downstream DO. Operational alternatives are investigated and a simple operational guide is developed to mitigate the effects of hydropower operation. Combinations of reduced generation and optimal releases from the dam allow the hydropower facility to operate within DO standards. 相似文献
153.
Model simulations of dissolved oxygen characteristics of Minnesota lakes: Past and future 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A deterministic, one-dimensional, unsteady numerical model has been developed, tested, and applied to simulate mean daily
dissolved oxygen (DO) characteristics in 27 lake classes in the state of Minnesota. Reaeration and photosynthesis are the
oxygen sources, while respiration, sedimentary, and biochemical water column oxygen demand are the sinks of oxygen in the
model. The lake classes are differentiated by surface area (A
s), maximum depth (H
max), and trophic status expressed as Secchi depth (Z
s). Because lake stratification is most important to lake oxygen dynamics, simulated DO characteristics are plotted in terms
of a stratification parameterA
s/H
max
0.25
and Secchi depthZ
s. Simulations provide DO profiles on a daily time scale. Specific DO characteristics of ecological and environmental interest
are epilimnetic DO, hypolimnetic DO, DO gradient from surface to bottom, and DO minima and maxima. Specific results are as
follows: Simulated mean daily and weekly DO values in the epilimnion of all lakes for both past and future climate scenarios
are near saturation over the summer season. Hypolimnetic DO values depend strongly on lake morphometry, trophic status, and
time throughout the summer season. Future climate conditions are specified as the historical records from 1955 to 1979, adjusted
(monthly) by the 2 × CO2 GISS model output to account for doubling of atmospheric CO2. With this climate change, weekly averaged epilimnetic DO is projected to drop by less than 2 mg/liter, and will remain above
7 mg/liter throughout the open water season. The hypolimnetic DO reductions after climate change are on the order of 2–8 mg/liter.
Periods of anoxia are longer by as much as 80 days. Those changes would alter water quality dynamics in lakes and have a profound
effect on lake ecosystems including indigenous fishes. The results presented are useful for evaluating environmental management
options. 相似文献
154.
Clifford W. Randall Bruce S. Huloher Paul H. King 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1970,6(4):648-660
The activated sludge process can remove significant amounts of phosphorus from sewage, but the removal efficiency is usually significantly reduced by the release of phosphate back to solution during subsequent treatment steps. This research presents a study of soluble phosphate release from activated sludge with emphasis on defining the factors that affect such release and the actual release mechanisms. Laboratory units were used for experimental purposes. The experiments were designed to study the relationship between soluble phosphate release and various environmental factors such as redox potential (ORP), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, solids concentration, solids destruction, and sulfate salt addition. The effect of substrate utilization on phosphate uptake and the relationship between uptake characteristics and subsequent phosphate release were also studied. The results show that some phosphate storage occurs during aerobic substrate utilization. Following substrate utilization, activated sludge phosphate release is directly related to the amount of biological stress the organisms are subjected to, and the mechanism of release is primarily cell lysis. The phosphate released per unit sludge under anoxic conditions is relatively constant. Under normal environmental conditions, neither ORP or pH change have a significant affect on phosphate release. 相似文献
155.
S. H. Lin L. T. Fan C. L. Hwang 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1973,9(4):689-702
A modified transient version of the Streeter-Phelps model along with the energy balance equation is employed to analyze the effects of waste heat discharge from power plants on stream water quality. Analysis is also made to examine the effects of the upstream water quality and stream velocity on the downstream DO concentration level. The resulting coupled nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations representing the energy, BOD and DO concentrations are solved by the method of characteristics and simulated on a digital computer. Final numerical results indicate that the allowable quantity of thermal discharge does heavily depend on the upstream quality. 相似文献
156.
157.
The size and isotopic behavior of sulfur pools in210Pb-dated peat cores were investigated to obtain aninsight into retention mechanisms of pollutant S in twomountain-top peatlands of the Northern Czech Republic, CentralEurope. The bogs were situated 40 km apart in an area whichbetween the years 1985 and 1995 received as much as 130 kg Sha-1 yr-1 from the atmosphere. Vertical peataccretion was faster at Pod Jelení horou (JH) than atVelký moál (VM). Organic carbon-bonded S was themost abundant sulfur pool, constituting 77 and 65 wt. % at JHand VM, respectively. At JH both the S concentration maximumand the highest annual S deposition rate were displaceddownward by more than 20 years (from 1987 to the 1960s)indicating that the buried S is vertically mobile. At VM the Sconcentration was the highest in the topmost 2-cm section eventhough atmospheric S deposition peaked in 1987. Differentmechanisms of S isotope redistribution prevailed in thetopmost peat layers at JH, where a negative 34Sshift occurred, and at VM, where a positive 34Sshift occurred. Bacterial sulfate reduction was responsiblefor the negative 34S shift at JH. One possibleexplanation of the positive 34S shift at VM isrelease of 32S-enriched products of mineralization duringpeat diagenesis. There was a strong positive correlationbetween the abundance of total and pyrite S along the profiles.The presence of pyrite S at VM (526 ± 60 ppm) suggestedthat even at VM bacterial sulfate reduction occurred. Ananaerobic incubation of JH peat indicated sulfate reductionrate of 600 nmol g-1 day-1. The turnover times forinorganic S pools were shorter than for the organic S pools.Cumulative S contents in the Czech peat bogs were found to besignificantly lower than in similar sites in the NortheasternU.S., even though the atmospheric S inputs were more thanthree times higher at the Czech sites. Possible causes of suchdiscrepancy are discussed. 相似文献
158.
159.
S.M. Frolov V.Ya. Basevich V.A. Smetanyuk A.A. Belyaev H.J. Pasman 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2007,20(4-6):562-569
The objective of the study reported herein is to simulate various physical and chemical phenomena accompanying fuel-rich n-butane–oxygen mixture preparation, ignition, preflame oxidation, and combustion in the standard 20-l explosion vessel, by applying mathematical models. Based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the mixing process and natural convection of the ignition kernel, as well as on the analysis of the detailed reaction mechanism of n-butane oxidation, laminar flame propagation, and self-ignition, possible explanations for the phenomena observed experimentally have been suggested. The results of the study indicate that seemingly inflammable mixtures can become hazardous depending on the mixture preparation procedure and forced ignition timing. 相似文献
160.
A nonstationary time-series model is used to examine the changes occurring at sampling stations on the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. Using data from upstream sampling sites, downstream levels of dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, nitrates and nitrites, and ammonia are accurately predicted. The method is simple, insensitive to extreme values, and responsive to changes in the system. 相似文献