关于我国区域生态环境与社会经济协调发展动态评价的文献综述

对国内外区域生态环境与社会经济发展动态评价研究方面进行了综述,主要对研究发展过程、主要研究进展过程、取得成果与借鉴意义方面进行了整理。根据国内及国外的相关研究文献可知,从开始研究至现在主要有:生态环境与社会经济协调发展的问题,特别是我国经济迅速发展与环境形势依然严峻的现实,考虑如何在保护环境的前提下更好地发展经济,实现动态协调发展、生态与经济的可持续发展是目前及未来所要研究的重要问题,也是急需解决的问题;关于环境库兹涅茨理论、EKC曲线方面的研究,即人均地方生产总值与生态环境的变换关系呈"U"型。     

用监测资料确定滑坡滑动面的新方法

研究表明，滑坡位移斜率与滑坡滑动面形状有密切关系。在本文，笔者根据位移斜率提出了一种确定滑坡滑动面的新方法。     

APPLICATION OF THE GREEN-AMPT INFILTRATION EQUATION TO WATERSHED MODELING1

ABSTRACT: A computer model was developed, based on the Green-Ampt infiltration equation, to computed rainfall excess for a single precipitation event. The model requires an estimate of parameters related to hydraulic conductivity, wetting front section, and fillable porosity of the soil layers. Values of parameters were estimated from soil textural averages or regression equations based on percent sand, percent clay, and porosity. Average values of effective porosity and wetting front suction were largely acceptable due to the relatively low variability and low model sensitivity to the parameters. Hydraulic conductivity was the most erratic constituent of the loss rate computation due to the high variability and the high sensitivity of the computed infiltration to the parameter. The performance of the Green-Ampt infiltration model was tested through a comparison with the SCS curve number procedure. Seven watersheds and 23 storms with precipitation of one inch or greater were used in the comparison. For storms with less than one inch of rainfall excess, the SCS curve number procedure generally gave the best results; however, for six of the seven storms with precipitation excess greater than one inch, the Green-Ampt procedure delivered better results. In this comparison, both procedures used the same initial abstractions. The separation of rainfall losses into infiltration, interception, and surface retention is, in theory, an accurate method of estimating precipitation excess. In the second phase of the study using nine watersheds and 39 storms, interception and surface retention losses were computed by the Horton equations. Green-Ampt and interception parameters were estimated from value sin the literature, while the surface retention parameter was calibrated so that the computed runoff volumes matched observed volumes. A relationship was found between the surface retention storage capacity and the 15-day antecedent precipitation index, month of year, and precipitation amount.     

RUNOFF VOLUME ESTIMATION USING GIS TECHNIQUES1

ABSTRACT: Rainfall runoff of six watersheds was modeled via the Soil Conservation Service runoff curve number model in two ways: conventionally (manually) and via a geographic information system (GIS). Input data (elevation, soils, and landcover) were digital for the latter method. In contrast to previous studies, the GIS was ised for all phases of the modeling process, including watershed delineation and routing of runoff. A comparison between the two methods was consistent with results reported by others and indicates that the use of a GIS is an acceptable alternative to the conventional method for watersheds lacking relatively flat terrain. Given this limitation, the GIS method may prove advantageous over manual methods when study areas are large or numerous, runoff is modeled repetitively, alternative landcover scenarios are explored, or a digital database already exists for the study area.     

鲤鱼对硝基苯的生物积累、消除与代谢研究

应用流动式摄取及释放装置，对鲤鱼进行了硝基苯的生物积累，代谢研究，结果表明，鲤鱼对硝基苯浓缩很快，全鱼，肌肉，其它组织中的生物积累曲线地均呈现快速增长至峰，后又快速下降至低浓度水平稳态的峰形曲线，释放呈双曲线形，对数作图可得到两条不同斜度的直线。     

昆明市环境监测信息系统的开发与完善

通过环境监测信息控制系统管理环境监测数据,可提高数据管理水平和数据处理质量、速度,可将环境监测信息尽快地转化为决策依据,有利于提高环境管理和环境污染治理决策水平.本文总结了昆明市环境监测信息系统的设计、开发要点并提出了进一步完善的展望.     

Zipf定则及其广延在自然资源数量计算中的应用

吉弗定则（Zipf Theorem）具有相当广泛的解释功能,因此有可能用该定则去估算自然资源的数量分布形态。本文总结了吉弗定则的普适性,并对原式实施了广延,得出了一些很有启发的结论。首先将该定则从 P_r=P₀/r 扩大到 P_r=P₀/r^b,并从b的行为中去认识自然资源数量分布的特性,把原先b=1 的吉弗方式推广到b在非1情形下的各种方式。以我国的水资源为案例作了验证,取得了满意的结果。最后指出,进一步对于参数b进行数理解析,是深入认识各类资源形态分布机制的关键所在,并发现有可能找出吉弗定则与“奇异吸引子”之间的联系。     

淮北、泾县地震台形变观测异常形态的分析

地壳形变是地震最直接的伴随现象，在孕震过程中会出现形变前兆的阶段性特征，查阅2003年淮北台、泾县台水平摆及自记水管仪观测原始记录曲线，发现在中强以上地震前后，能记录到“加粗扰动”、“散点”等异常形态。这些信息对于地震研究和地震预测预报具有参考价值。     

中国古代环境伦理意识与现代环境伦理观念探析

生态危机,环境恶化使人们认识到环境伦理意识的重要性.同时人们也清醒地认识到环境和生态问题的解决必须诉诸环境伦理信念.有着悠久历史文明的中国,在古代蕴涵了丰富的生态哲学,其中有许多与现代环境伦理思想相通之处.对世界观的认识,人与自然的关系,合理利用资源等,值得学习和借鉴.     

环境监测分析中校准曲线应用和检验方法的探讨

本文阐述了环境监测分析中校准曲线的分类 ,拟合方法和应用范围 ,提出对拟合标准曲线可靠性检验的概念和方法。如 :相对剩余标准差 ,截距、斜率检验 ,失拟方差检验等 ,这些方法在实际监测分析中具有一定的应用价值