矿井通风系统平面图专用绘制软件研制

在对现有矿井通风系统图绘制软件分析的基础上,开发了矿井通风系统平面图专用绘制软件。该软件能实现巷道绘制、交叉自动消隐处理、拓扑关系自动保存、GIS功能、巷道分区用风分支集中布置的网络图自动生成与网络解算等功能。利用该软件在淮南矿业集团某新建矿井试用,实现了前期的通风系统平面图快速绘制与后期的通风系统分析一体化,节省了大量的人力物力。     

地表水中甲醛的光谱吸收曲线-线性拟合斜率-乙酰丙酮分光光度法检测

光谱吸收曲线-线性拟合斜率-分光光度法(SAC-LFS-S)用于检测地表水中甲醛尚存准确度不足问题,通过筛选合适的参比波长段,使SAC-LFS-S法准确度进一步提高。以试剂空白和浊度梯度地表水样品的检测结果及方法检出限为主要筛选对象,得到425～435、420～435、420～440、415～440、415～445、410～445、415～450、410～450、455～495、410～455、405～455、450～500 nm等共12个合适的测定波长段;再选择试剂空白结果较低、批间重复性较好的450～500 nm测定波长段,筛选参比波长段(455～465、480～495、450～490 nm共3个)。结果表明:优化后SAC-LFS-S法线性范围为0. 100～3. 00 mg/L,方法检出限为0. 025～0. 033 mg/L;优化前、后方法测得部分地表水样品结果分别为有检出和未检出,回收率为73. 4%～108. 8%,后者与无亮黄色化合物产生的实验现象更吻合。经参比波长段校正的SAC-LFS-S法具有更高的准确度,非常适用于地表水中甲醛的直接测定。     

L-精氨酸溶剂化合成金属有机骨架化合物及其吸附CO2的性能

采用L-精氨酸对传统均苯三甲酸（BTC）溶剂热法合成的Cu基金属有机骨架化合物（Cu-BTC）进行改性,得到新型化合物（Cu-BTC-Arg）,并通过固定床动态吸附实验考察了Cu-BTC-Arg和Cu-BTC吸附CO2的性能。表征结果显示：L-精氨酸只是辅助化溶剂,并未配位至Cu2+上;Cu-BTC-Arg比Cu-BTC具有更小的晶粒尺寸、更大的比表面积和微孔体积。实验结果表明,两种不同L-精氨酸加入量合成的Cu-BTC-Arg均在室温、烟气中无水蒸气、烟气流量80 mL/min的条件下CO2吸附量最大,吸附接近饱和时的CO2吸附量均为4.9 mmol/g,远高于Cu-BTC的CO2吸附量。Cu-BTC-Arg对CO2的吸附以物理吸附为主。     

基于库兹涅茨曲线的耕地集约利用对耕地实际产能的影响研究

准确识别不同耕地集约利用水平下耕地实际产能的响应规律是指导耕地利用投入和保障国家粮食安全的重要前提。在利用土地报酬递减规律对耕地集约利用水平与耕地实际产能关系进行理论分析的基础上,构建耕地集约利用水平与耕地实际产能的库兹涅茨曲线模型,利用标准耕作制度二级指标区,对湖北省进行了市域尺度的实证研究。研究结果表明:鄂豫皖丘陵山区、沿江平原区和盆周秦巴山区的耕地集约利用水平和耕地实际产能已呈现倒U曲线关系,证实库兹涅茨曲线模型可以有效识别不同耕地集约利用水平下耕地实际产能的响应规律。将各市耕地利用投入水平与相应临界值进行对比,得出襄阳等市应提高耕地集约利用水平和调整耕地利用投入结构,发挥耕地集约利用的规模效益和结构效益,而随州等市则需加强耕地利用投入结构优化,提升耕地集约利用的结构效益。该研究可为优化耕地利用投入结构和制定差异化耕地利用与保护政策提供决策依据。     

Effects of Spatial Distribution of Prairie Vegetation in an Agricultural Landscape on Curve Number Values

The curve number (CN) method is used to calculate runoff in many hydrologic models, including the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The CN method does not account for the spatial distribution of land cover types, an important factor controlling runoff patterns. The objective of this study was to empirically derive CN values that reflect the strategic placement of native prairie vegetation (NPV) within row crop agricultural landscapes. CNs were derived using precipitation and runoff data from a seven‐year period for 14 small watersheds in Iowa. The watersheds were planted with varying amounts of NPV located in different watershed positions. The least squares and asymptotic least squares methods (LSM) were used to derive CNs using an initial abstraction coefficient (λ) of 0.2 and 0.05. The CNs were verified using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation and adjustment for antecedent moisture conditions (AMC) was tested. The asymptotic method produced CN values for watersheds with NPV treatment that were 8.9 and 14.7% lower than watersheds with 100% row crop at λ = 0.2 and λ = 0.05, respectively. The derived CNs produced Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency values ranging from 0.4 to 0.7 during validation. Our analyses show the CNs verified best for the asymptotic LSM, when using λ of 0.05 and adjusting for AMC. Further, comparison of derived CNs against an area weighted CN indicated that the placement of vegetation does impact the CN value. Editor's note : This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series.     

分段进水A/O工艺的一些关系式

设计分段进水A/O工艺的主要目的是为了充分利用原水中的有机碳进行反硝化,因而便产生了由缺氧池反硝化所需有机碳与硝态氮数量相匹配的原则分配各段污水流量的设计思想。在该设计思想下,分段进水A/O工艺的脱氮效率及按照一定的设计条件确定的反应池容积或水力停留时间与污泥回流比、原水碳氮比等因素间存在着具有一定规律性的关系式,这些关系式直观反映了这些影响因素对脱氮效率的影响及其在反应池设计中所起的作用。对这些关系式进行了推导,分析了各因素对脱氮效率的影响和提高脱氮效率的途径,并推导说明了按照容积负荷相等进行工艺设计时,各缺氧池或各好氧池的容积之间的相对比例关系,以及按照污泥负荷相等进行设计时,各缺氧池或各好氧池的水力停留时间之间的相对比例关系。     

关于对水质分析中氨氮、总氮与总磷校准曲线的绘制与计算公式的探讨

本文从不同标液体积下的氨氮含量与校正吸光度、不同标液体积下的浓度与校正吸光度、不同标液体积下的校正吸光度与氨氮含量的一次函数关系中推导相关计算公式,让初学者灵活掌握与运用相关公式。     

Sustainability assessment with time-series scores: a case study of Chinese provinces

Asian nations are currently facing a number of challenges, including environmental degradation and growing societal inequalities, in the course of their rapid economic growth and industrialization. Under such conditions, it is of critical importance to develop appropriate assessment tools with which to comprehensively measure the sustainability status of a region in order to guide its transformation into a sustainable society. This paper proposes a method of sustainability assessment consisting of the three components of environment, resource, and socio-economic with aggregated time-series scores. This method can demonstrate the relative sustainability scores of targeted regions for different time periods, thereby, enabling the comparison of relative sustainability status for different regions over these periods. We carried out a case study of Chinese provinces for the years 2000 and 2005 using the proposed method and confirmed its applicability as the indicative type of sustainability assessment at the regional level, while actually investigating the sustainability status and its chronological changes. The results indicated that aggregate sustainability index scores improved between 2000 and 2005 in most provinces, mainly due to significant improvement in the scores for the socio-economic component, whereas the scores for the environment component deteriorated in some provinces over the study period. Our method proves to be effective in analyzing the relative sustainability status among targeted regions for different time periods in the form of aggregate scores, paving the way for practical applications, such as policy analysis, in the pursuit of a sustainable society.