压实坡积土的应力应变关系三维曲面初步研究

对两组不同含水量的压实坡积土样进行三轴CD试验,利用试验得到的ε1～q曲线以及体应变εv、剪应变εr、平均正应力p和广义剪应力q等数据,通过神经网络反演,并采用可视化处理技术,得到试样的部分应力应变关系三维曲面,为三维数值建模研究创造条件。     

嘉兴市环境库兹涅茨曲线特征分析

环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)暗含了对经济增长和环境之间的发展战略。运用EKC理论模型,对嘉兴市工业"三废"排放量与人均GDP之间关系进行分析,发现工业废水、工业废气、工业固体废弃物排放量与人均GDP之间的关系分别为N型、倒U型左侧上升阶段、倒U型左侧接近拐点,表明嘉兴市经济增长还处在加重环境负担的阶段,还未实现环境与经济的协调发展。引起工业废水、工业废气排放量居高不下的原因分别是嘉兴市产业结构特点和能源结构特点。建议优化产业结构,调整能源结构,推进循环经济发展,争取早日跨越环境库兹涅茨曲线拐点,实现环境经济的协调发展。     

降雨入渗下残坡积土边坡的稳定性模拟研究

针对杭兰高速公路受降雨影响显著的非饱和残坡积土边坡,考虑降雨入渗的影响,通过对非饱和土水力特征参数的试验研究,用精度较高的Van Genuchten公式拟合土-水特征曲线,得出了非饱和渗透函数的特征参数;在此基础上,将饱和-非饱和非稳定渗流分析与有限元强度折减法相结合,进行了降雨入渗渗流场与应力场的耦合分析,模拟雨水入渗引起的暂态渗流场,并将计算所得到的暂态孔隙水压力用于考虑基质吸力影响的边坡稳定系数的计算;最后根据研究区的降雨气象资料,探讨了降雨强度、降雨持时对残坡积土边坡渗流场分布、发展和稳定性的影响。该研究可为滑坡地质灾害的预防提供依据。     

曲线回归与傅里叶级数组合方法在瓦斯抽采量预测中的应用

为解决瓦斯抽采量的预测问题,针对瓦斯抽采量随时间的变化波动性较大的特点,用曲线回归和傅里叶级数组合方法,建立关于瓦斯抽采量的预测模型。首先采用基于最小二乘原理的曲线回归研究瓦斯抽采量总体趋势,得到回归方程。将瓦斯抽采量观测值与曲线回归结果相减,可得瓦斯抽采量各实测值在回归曲线上的波动值。采用Fourier级数分析该波动规律,得到其Fourier级数方程,将回归方程与Fourier级数方程相加即可完成预测模型的建立。研究结果表明,将此模型应用到某矿瓦斯抽采量预测分析中,预测结果精确度可达到98.39%。     

基于灰色关联服役构件的可靠度评估研究

为获取服役构件的待定可靠指标以便为决策服务,用共维条件下排序方法通过影响因素的映射进而评估待定指标。采用通过分析服役受弯构件的性能来确定其可靠度影响因素,进而根据层次递阶原理建立可靠度评价指标体系。然后利用可变模糊集理论中模糊量化理论(FQT)的概念确定各影响因素的权重,再根据权重结果利用灰色关联分析法(GRA)计算构件的可靠指标的相对顺序,最后得到待定构件的可靠指标范围。实例研究结果表明,将FQT理论和GRA有机结合,能够有效刻画影响因素的互交性、判断准则的模糊性及所获取相关信息不完备的灰色性等特点,并且评估结果与实际情况吻合。     

Application of continuous time random walk theory to nonequilibrium transport in soil

Continuous time random walk (CTRW) formulations have been demonstrated to provide a general and effective approach that quantifies the behavior of solute transport in heterogeneous media in field, laboratory, and numerical experiments. In this paper we first apply the CTRW approach to describe the sorbing solute transport in soils under chemical (or) and physical nonequilibrium conditions by curve-fitting. Results show that the theoretical solutions are in a good agreement with the experimental measurements. In case that CTRW parameters cannot be determined directly or easily, an alternative method is then proposed for estimating such parameters independently of the breakthrough curve data to be simulated. We conduct numerical experiments with artificial data sets generated by the HYDRUS-1D model for a wide range of pore water velocities (υ) and retardation factors (R) to investigate the relationship between CTRW parameters for a sorbing solute and these two quantities (υ, R) that can be directly measured in independent experiments. A series of best-fitting regression equations are then developed from the artificial data sets, which can be easily used as an estimation or prediction model to assess the transport of sorbing solutes under steady flow conditions through soil. Several literature data sets of pesticides are used to validate these relationships. The results show reasonable performance in most cases, thus indicating that our method could provide an alternative way to effectively predict sorbing solute transport in soils. While the regression relationships presented are obtained under certain flow and sorption conditions, the methodology of our study is general and may be extended to predict solute transport in soils under different flow and sorption conditions.     

地铁施工引起地下管线变形的安全评估方法及其应用

研究地铁施工引起地下管线变形的安全评估方法,分析三点共圆法求算管线变形曲率中测点间距和测量误差的影响,并对其适用性及相关问题进行了探讨；提出利用六次多项式曲线拟合求算管线变形曲率的方法,并结合工程实例阐述其应用.     

微生物堵塞过程中生物膜生长特征对多孔介质渗流特征影响

为研究回灌水刺激下生物膜在砂柱中的生长规律,并分析生物膜生长特征对堵塞介质典型渗流特征的影响,采用室内土柱实验方法,供给营养液刺激砂柱内生物膜生长,模拟入渗介质生物堵塞的过程,监测介质渗透系数的变化,并开展不同回灌时长下介质水分吸持实验和弥散试验,并对其内生物膜形态进行表征.结果显示,在0~5h时,渗透系数呈先下降后回升趋势;在回灌至18h前,渗透系数急剧衰减,水力弥散系数明显增大,水分吸持能力的变化并不明显;18h后渗透系数降低速率减缓,水分吸持能力明显升高,溶质运移过渡到以弥散作用为主导机制.综上,可将生物膜在介质内的生长分为三个阶段:菌适应期,接种菌体并未生长繁殖,单纯由于菌体的流入与流出引起渗透系数的变化;菌体大量生长繁殖期,大量生长繁殖的菌体占据了部分介质孔隙体积;胞外聚合物大量分泌期,逐渐形成具有透水性的生物膜,生物膜的生长与回灌水提供的养分形成动态平衡.     

HCl标准曲线与倍标曲线一致性验证

经实验分析了ＨＣｌ标准曲线与信标曲线的一致性。从理论上论证了ＨＣｌ倍标曲线是标准曲线的重合延伸线，为ＨＣｌ的实际监测工作提供可靠方法。     

The interfacial mass transfer resistances of the ozone dry deposition over the field soil of Taichung County in Taiwan

This study aims to design a dry deposition chamber and to measure ozone depletion over the Taichung field soil. This study seeks to verify the phenomena by an experimental and mathematical model. It is demonstrated that interfacial mass transfer resistances of ozone dry deposition involve reactive resistance (R(sr)) and kinetic resistance (R(sk)). It reveals the chemical reaction (O3 + NO --> NO2) to produce the reactive resistance, and verifies that the interfacial mass transfer resistances depend on nitrogen oxide emission and soil temperature. It shows that the interfacial mass transfer resistances are reduced with increasing soil temperature (T(S)). The model profiles are smaller than the observed data within a relative error of 15%. The reactive resistance decreases exponentially with increasing soil temperature; R(sr)(-1) (cm x sec(-1)) = 0.0001 exp (0.1455T(S)). The kinetic resistance decreases linearly with increasing soil temperature; R(sk)(-1)(cm x sec(-1)) = 0.0108T(S) + 1.4012. This model is more accurate with higher soil temperature and larger ozone concentration. Results are consistent with thermodynamics and reaction kinetics. Ozone dry deposition over agricultural soil causes conversion of nitrogen oxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO2).