太湖东部水域浮游硅藻群落特征及其与环境因子关系

对太湖东部水域9个点位浮游硅藻的群落结构进行了分析。结果表明,9个点位的生物多样性处于一般到较丰富状态,其水质为中污染到轻污染;硅藻群落的物种丰富度、生物量和密度因水域地形特点、换水周期等因素出现差异,在半封闭水体中的物种丰富度较差,生物量和藻密度较高,优势种所指示的水质处于中等偏下水平。硅藻相对多度和各项环境因子冗余分析显示,总磷(TP)对群落的组成和分布影响显著。东北部水域浮游硅藻群落主要受到TP和浊度(NTU)的影响,东南部水域浮游硅藻群落受到TP和NTU的影响则很小。     

气藏型地下储气库完整性管理体系及风险识别

为保证气藏型储气库安全运营,保障天然气储配调峰系统的正常运转,对气藏型储气库进行完整性管理及风险识别.明确气藏型地下储气库完整性管理的对象为地面站场系统、储气库井、地质体3大模块,以地质体完整性管理为气藏型储气库完整性管理的特点及难点,并基于管道完整性管理的理念;提出气藏型储气库完整性管理的6步循环:数据采集,单元识别...     

粉料无尘装车技术的应用及发展

传统除尘器卸灰、输灰系统存在工艺繁杂、能耗大、输送速度慢、设备故障率高、系统难以维护及二次扬尘等问题,采用新型粉料无尘装车技术可有效简化工艺,提高生产速度和系统运行、维护可靠性,很大程度上减少能耗并彻底根除二次扬尘。     

水力喷淋式凉水塔在初冷循环冷却水系统中的应用

介绍了喷淋式凉水塔结构、工作原理及冷却效果的影响因素.与机械通风式凉水塔的冷却效果比较表明,该凉水塔具有冷却效率高、运行成本低、操作简单等优点,值得推广应用.     

不同生育期类型水稻对镉积累的研究

以江苏省有代表性的早熟中粳、中熟中粳、迟熟中粳、早熟晚粳和中熟晚粳5种生育期类型的56个粳稻品种为材料,在Cd污染农田中研究不同生育期类型粳稻品种Cd积累特性.结果表明,56个供试水稻品种籽粒Cd含量变化范围为0.014～0.054 mg·kg-1,水稻籽粒Cd含量在品种间差异显著(P＜0.05),其中籽粒Cd含量最高的品种是ELTO,扬粳687、泗阳1382、广陵香粳和武香粳9号水稻籽粒Cd含量较低.不同生育期类型水稻籽粒Cd含量以早熟中粳较高,中熟中粳较低,分别为0.024和0.020 mg·kg-1.不同生育期类型水稻籽粒Cd富集系数差异不显著,而不同生育期类型间转运系数存在差异.     

城市绿地土壤呼吸时空变异及其影响因素

2012年7月-2012年12月,采用LI—COR-8100测定了柳树、圆柏和杏树3种北京绿化树木的土壤呼吸速率,并分析了生物因子和非生物因子对土壤呼吸的影响。结果表明：3个树种的土壤呼吸速率平均值为：柳树3．53μmol／（m2·s）,圆柏2．68μmol（m2·s）,杏树2．38μmol／（m2·s）;3种树木土壤呼吸速率呈现相似的月动态,与温度呈极显著指数相关,而与土壤水分相关性不显著。8月柳树和圆柏的土壤呼吸显著高于杏树;9月柳树的土壤呼吸显著高于圆柏和杏树;10—11月3种树木之间差异性不显著。8—9月土壤呼吸速率和温度、树木胸径、总碳、总氮、有机碳及硝态氮显著相关,而与碳氮比、叶面积指数呈极显著负相关。逐步回归分析表明,8—9月间3种树木的土壤呼吸主要受到树木胸径和叶面积指数的影响,模型解释率为42．0％（p=0．001）。     

厌氧氨氧化菌混培物保藏方法的研究

厌氧条件下,采用了4℃以(NH4)2SO4为保藏基质、自然环境温度以(NH4)2SO4为保藏基质、4℃用NH4Cl代替(NH4)2SO4作为保藏基质3种方法保藏厌氧氨氧化菌混培物.结果表明,4℃以(NH4)2SO4为保藏基质的方法保藏厌氧氨氧化菌混培物最有效,但自然环境温度以(NH4)2SO4为保藏基质的方法保藏厌氧氨氧化菌混培物最经济;在保藏试验的5个月内,3种保藏方法下的厌氧氨氧化活性均先快速下降后趋于稳定,趋于稳定时的活性保留率分别为75.3%,66.3%和47.3%;恶劣的生存环境下,胞外多聚物不仅可维持厌氧氨氧化菌混培物颗粒结构的稳定性,还可使菌群聚集成团从而增大菌群密度以减少代谢过程中的能量损失;无外界颜色干扰时,厌氧氨氧化菌混培物颜色由血红素c含量决定,且与活性直接相关.     

Modelling above-ground herbage mass for a wide range of grassland community types

Whereas it is recognized that management of plant diversity can be the key to reconciling production and environmental aims, most grassland models are tailored for high-value grass species. We proposed to adapt a mono-specific grass model to take into account specific features of species-rich permanent grasslands, especially over the reproductive phase. To this end, we used the concept of plant functional type (PFT), i.e. the grouping of plant species according to plant traits determined by the response of plant species to different management practices (land use and fertilization) and characterizing of agronomic properties of the corresponding species. In the model, weather and nutrient availability act upon rates of biophysical processes (radiation capture and use, plant senescence). These rates are modified over times due to PFT-specific parameters determined experimentally which represent the different strategies of plant species regarding growth. The integration of these parameters into the model made it possible to predict herbage biomass accumulation rate under different management practices for a wide range of plant communities differing in their PFT composition. The model was evaluated in two steps, first by analyzing separately the effects of PFT and an indicator of nutrient availability on herbage accumulation and then by conducting a sensitivity analysis. It was validated using two independent datasets; a cutting experiment running over the whole growing season to examine the consistency of the model outputs under different cutting regimes, and a monitoring of meadows and pastures in spring over a whole growth cycle to assess the model’s ability to reproduce growth curves. Although a good fit was observed between the simulated and observed data, the few discrepancies noticed between field data and predicted values were attributed mainly to the potential presence of non-grass species. More specifically, we noticed that nutrient (mainly nitrogen) availability is the main driver of plant growth rate, and that PFT determines the times at which this rate changes in relation to the phenological characteristics of species present. We concluded that integration of the PFT concept into the initial mono-specific growth model is especially suited to evaluating the consequences of management practices on species-rich permanent grasslands to meet feed production targets.     

城市道路尘的二重源解析方法与应用实例

采用"二重源解析"技术解析了太原市的各单一源类对城市道路尘(以下简称道路尘)的贡献值和分担率;各单一源类和道路尘对城市扬尘的贡献值和分担率;同时解析了各单一源类、道路尘和城市扬尘对环境空气颗粒物的贡献值和分担率。各源类对PM10的贡献率分别是:城市扬尘,27%;道路尘,20%;土壤风沙尘,10%;煤烟尘,13%;建筑水泥尘,10%;机动车尾气尘,11%;钢铁尘,1%;其他,8%。     

九寨沟和黄龙自然保护区原始林与次生林土壤物理性质比较

森林土壤的结构和贮水保水能力是决定土壤水分及其时空分布的关键,九寨沟和黄龙自然保护区均是以水为灵魂,其水量的多少及时空分布格局对景区景点的视觉观赏效果具有十分重要的作用.通过对几寨沟和黄龙核心景区原始林与次生林土壤容重、持水性能和孔隙度等指标的监测,探讨了不同植被类型下土壤结构及持水能力状况.结果表明:(1)由于较早地得到保护,九寨沟景区原始林、桦槭次生林土壤物理性质均优于四川西部其它同类犁植被,与此相反,人工云杉纯林土壤物理性质明显劣于其它植被类型,可能主要与云杉平根系统对土壤膨胀挤压和单优势乔木群落所形成的不利微气候影响有机物分解归还土壤有关;(2)在黄龙核心景区的原始云、冷杉林,发育于坡积母质的土壤物理性质明显优于发育于钙华母质卜的土壤物理性质.图3表1参31