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411.
412.
根据毕节地区16个主要造林树种的生态生物学特性,结合本区气候和土壤生态条件,运用 Fuzzy 二级评价模型,对各土类水土保持树种的适宜程度进行了综合评价。 相似文献
413.
Application of a GIS-based stream buffer generation model to environmental policy evaluation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Wei-Ning Xiang 《Environmental management》1993,17(6):817-827
In this article a GIS method is presented for riparian environmental buffer generation. It integrates a scientifically tested
buffer width delineation model into a GIS framework. Using the generally available data sets, it determines buffer widths
in terms of local physical conditions and expected effectiveness. Technical burdens of data management, computation, and result
presentation are handled by the GIS. The case study in which the method was used to evaluate the stream buffer regulations
in a North Carolina county demonstrates its capability as a decision support tool to facilitate environmental policy formulation
and evaluation, and environmental dispute resolution. 相似文献
414.
双流区域地下水污染现状及评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文在双流区域地下水污染调查基础之上,选用了主要反映工业生活污染的综合指标COD、BOD5和反映农业污染程度的NH3-N,NO3-N,NO2-N作为评价因子,研究了双流地下水污染现状,采用了综合指数法和点群分析法分类并评价了区域地下水污染对饮用水源地的影响程度。 相似文献
415.
Robert B. McKusick J. Herbert Snyder 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1972,8(3):431-445
ABSTRACT. Water and related land resource planning has generally been characterized by project evaluation in isolation. Feasible alternatives have been ignored because the economic analysis did not include the interdependence of such subregional and regional variables as factor and product prices and production possibilities. This paper presents an economic framework, consistent with a regional development objective and an efficiency criterion, for proposing and evaluating resource projects. Subregional and regional derived demand curves for water are developed under alternative assumptions of subregional competition, regional market restraints, and yield and price uncertainty. The derivation of water demand curves using the proposed regional framework as compared to sub regional isolation has the desirable properties of (1) a marginal analysis that is more flexible over time is substituted for a static average analysis; (2) range estimates incorporating probabilities are substituted for point estimates; (3) approximations to functional demand curves are substituted for “needs”; and (4) fewer resources are required to meet a regional market restraint. 相似文献
416.
Yawn M. Sternberg 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1971,7(3):447-456
ABSTRACT A discussion of the various tools and techniques available for evaluation of aquifers is presented. Data for evaluation studies can be obtained from laboratory experiments, geological maps, well logs and field studies. Such data can be used in analytic or electric analog models to determine the sustained yield of the aquifer under various operating conditions. 相似文献
417.
Gabor M. Karadi Raymond J. Krisek Manual Beahea 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1970,6(3):424-438
The basic theories and fundamental assumptions usually employed in the solution of unsteady groundwater flow problems are reviewed critically. The best known method of analysis for such problems is based on the Dupuit-Forchheimer approximation and leads to a nonlinear parabolic differential equation which is generally solved by linearization or numerical methods. The accuracy of the solution to this equation can be improved by use of a different approach which does not employ the Dupuit Forchheimer assumption, but rather is based on a semi-numerical solution of the Laplace equation for quasi-steady conditions. The actual unsteady process is replaced by a sequence of steady-state conditions, and it is assumed that the actual unsteady flow characteristics during a short time interval can be approximated by those associated with “average” steady state flow. The Laplace equation is solved by a semi-discretization method according to which the horizontal coordinate is divided into subintervals, while the vertical coordinate is maintained continuous. The proposed method is applied to a typical tile drainage problem, and, based on a comparison of calculated results with experimental data, the method is evaluated and practical conclusions regarding its applicability are advanced. 相似文献
418.
Model studies were and are still being used to verify certain theories in ground-water flow systems in general. In complex cases, the model studies may be extremely useful especially when a theoretical rigorous analysis does not exist. The models cannot be considered entirely satisfactory due to the several drawbacks in each type in addition to the normal human errors in experimentation. This paper is concerned only with the viscous flow models. However, a brief summary of the other types of models, which may possibly be used in connection with salt water intrusion problems is given. It should be noted that some of such experiments are not directly related to the field of salt water intrusion. Two main types lie within this category: The gravity flow systems which are analogous to some phases of salt intrusion problems and problems in oil fields which bear general similarities to sea water intrusion zones. In oil fields, gas cycling studies give valuable information to sea water problems. Model studies are used by hydraulic engineers, geologists, petroleum engineers, physicists, foundation engineers and several other professional groups. 相似文献
419.
Roy Burke James P. Heaney Edwin E. Pyatt 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1973,9(3):433-447
ABSTRACT The problem of water resources management can be viewed as one requiring the existence and application of some type of “collective decision” mechanism. Currently, the general water resource decision problem is solved using an “individual decision” format without explicit consideration of the dominant social decision system. This paper demonstrates the need for blending technical planning activities with organized societal processes and then proposes a specific public decision framework to satisfy this requirement. The key element in this planning framework is a generalized “bargaining arena” which serves to link technical activities with the social system. Using this bargaining device we can (1) specify policy at a local level, (2) incorporate “social decision” rules into the planning process, and (3) provide local access to the decision process. A simple case of regional water quality management is used to describe the application of this planning procedure and to offer encouragement for successful use in more complex real-world cases. 相似文献
420.
为了迅速、合理地预测和评估洪涝灾害造成的经济损失,为防汛决策提供科学依据,从江苏省洪涝灾害防治的实际需求出发,进行了江苏省洪涝灾情评估系统的总体设计,并阐明了系统的特点,结构和功能。 相似文献