水中二氧化氯静态膜分离的研究

利用二氧化氯在360nm处有一最大吸收峰以及二氧化氯能够通过微孔性聚四氟乙烯膜的特性进行了静态膜分离的研究。通过研究温度和二氧化氯的浓度对分离效果的影响,可以确定：温度越高越有利于二氧化氯的膜分离,但温度高于20℃时二氧化氯会发生分解,故最佳分离温度应为20℃。     

Brassinosteroid alleviates phenanthrene and pyrene phytotoxicity by increasing detoxification activity and photosynthesis in tomato

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of exogenously applied 24-epibrassinolide (BR) on growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant systems of tomato seedlings grown under different levels (0, 10, 30, 100 and 300 μM) of phenanthrene (PHE) and pyrene (PYR) in hydroponics. A concentration-dependent decrease in growth, photosynthetic pigment contents, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), maximal quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of PSII (Φ_PSII), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) has been observed following PHE and PYR exposure. By contrast, non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) was increased. PHE was found to induce higher stress than PYR. However, foliar or root application of BR (50 nM and 5 nM, respectively) alleviated all those depressions with a sharp improvement in the activity of photosynthetic machinery. The activities of guaicol peroxidase (GPOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) as well as content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased in a dose-dependent manner under PHE or PYR treatments. Compared with control the highest increments of GPOD, CAT, APX, GR and MDA by PHE/PYR alone treatments were observed following 300 μM concentration, which were 67%, 87%, 53%, 95% and 74% by PHE and 42%, 53%, 30%, 86% and 62% by PYR, respectively. In addition, both reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were induced by PHE or PYR. Interestingly, BR application in either form further increased enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants in tomato roots treated with PHE or PYR. Our results suggest that BR has an anti-stress effect on tomato seedlings contaminated with PHE or PYR and this effect is mainly attributed by increased detoxification activity.     

Xia Futou's public bathhouse--a sustainable urbanization experiment in a Chinese village

Xia Futou, a small Chinese village with a unique cultural landscape, consists of two unbalanced parts, an old village up the hill and a new one down the hill. In order to upgrade and preserve the unique cultural landscape of the older village and rebalance the dislocation of the two parts, a small public bathhouse project has been carried out according to sustainable architecture principles. Based on the current cultural landscape of the bathhouse and its surroundings, this approach is attempting to localize an informed, balance-seeking, design process in the village and in so doing develop a series of diverse possibilities and beneficial paths. The experiment of the public bathhouse's design and construction led to two key conceptual questions that need to be examined, the one is to research a village with a dynamic system conception instead of a static one; the other is to research a village with a self-organizing system conception1 instead of an organized one. Furthermore, we can give the sustainable path for the future that such naturally evolved Chinese villages evolve into sustainable towns and cities.     

3D打印铝合金液冷板在冷却液中的静态腐蚀

目的 对比3D打印铝合金液冷板材料经不同表面处理后在冷却液中的静态腐蚀情况,并预测静态腐蚀速率。方法 通过pH值测试、腐蚀表面形貌分析来监测冷却液和铝合金的变化,通过电化学方法测试样件的腐蚀动力学参数,通过质量损失试验测量材料的腐蚀速率和年腐蚀深度,通过EDS分析腐蚀产物。结果 所有试验组冷却液pH均整体呈下降趋势。在试样表面可以观测到明显的腐蚀现象,集中发生于试样表面的缺陷位置。不同表面处理的样件,其腐蚀速率不同,差异最大可达16倍。冷却液中的有效缓蚀成分参与了试样表面腐蚀产物膜的形成,在表面沉积了P、Ca等元素。结论 3D打印成形铝合金材料在冷却液中的年腐蚀深度整体较小,其耐蚀性良好,进行液态磨粒抛光或酸洗处理能降低研究材料在冷却液中的静态腐蚀速率。     

基于动-静应力耦合的深埋隧道岩爆灾害控制

岩爆灾害严重威胁着施工人员及设备的安全,影响施工进度,已经成为硬岩隧道勘测设计及施工组织中必须考虑的重要问题之一.到目前为止,岩爆控制领域已取得了若干重要进展,但这些进展主要是建立在岩石静力学理论基础之上的,据此提出的大部分措施的控制效果还不甚理想,与从根本上控制岩爆还有较大距离.完整硬脆性岩体、较高地应力和一次或多次动力干扰应该是岩爆发生的3个必要条件,岩爆控制应综合考虑动-静应力的耦合效应.基于动-静应力耦合的岩爆控制已经引起部分学者的关注并已取得一定进展,但还缺乏深入研究.开展基于动-静应力耦合的深埋长大隧洞岩爆灾害控制研究具有重要的理论意义和实用价值.     

轻钢-尾砂微晶发泡板组合墙平面外受力性能试验

本文提出了一种轻钢-尾砂微晶发泡板组合墙,是由内部嵌入钢筋的尾砂微晶发泡板与轻钢龙骨组合而成。为研究其风吸或风压作用下弹性变形性能以及平面外受弯破坏全过程,进行了8个轻钢-尾砂微晶发泡板组合墙足尺试件的单向加载试验。试件参数包括组合墙高度、发泡板强度、嵌入发泡板的钢筋直径、发泡板是否带釉面、发泡板是否复合轻质砌块。每个试件均进行3个工况的加载,前两个工况模拟风吸作用,加载至试件外表面产生裂缝;第三个工况模拟风压作用,加载至试件破坏。采用门式加载架,悬吊试件实现简支,通过简支分配梁将集中荷载分成与试件八点接触加载,各加载点设置球铰支座。研究表明:轻钢龙骨与发泡板有良好的平面外共同工作性能;采取增大组合墙截面高度、提高发泡板材料强度、发泡板设置釉面层、发泡板复合粉煤灰砌块的构造措施,均可提高组合墙的平面外受力性能,复合粉煤灰砌块对提高试件平面外承载能力效果最为显著;利用截面换算方式对组合墙板平面外极限承载力进行计算,计算结果与试验符合较好。结合试验数据及外围护墙板的风荷载计算公式,计算出组合墙的极限风荷载值,为该组合墙的设计及工程应用提供了参考。     

不同植茶年龄茶园蒸散速率的日变化——以宜兴市为例

以宜兴市盛道茶场3、9和20 a 3个不同植茶年龄的茶园为研究对象,基于静态箱/红外气体分析仪法,辅以植被生态监测和土壤湿度监测,研究茶园清明采茶前蒸散速率日变化特征。结果发现：（1）3个不同植茶年龄的茶园日蒸散速率变化趋势一致,呈以12〖DK〗∶00~15〖DK〗∶00蒸散速率为峰值的单峰曲线;（2）虽然3 a茶园叶面积指数（LAI）最低,但最大平均日蒸散速率、一日内蒸散速率的极值、6〖DK〗∶00~18〖DK〗∶00最大总蒸散量、一日内不同时段的蒸散速率最大变化幅度均出现在3 a茶园;（3）茶园日蒸散速率与气温的日变化趋势相似,且两者存在极显著相关性（R2=081*〖KG-*2〗*）,在湿润条件下与土壤含水率日变化相关性不明显,但两者呈相反的变化趋势     

稳恒磁场作用下微生物燃料电池的产电特性和电化学阻抗谱分析

对混合菌接种的双室微生物燃料电池加载磁场强度为175 mT的稳恒磁场,利用电化学交流阻抗等电化学分析方法,考察了在磁场作用下微生物燃料电池（MFC）产电性能的变化,分析了磁场对MFC各部分内阻的影响。加载磁场使已启动完成的MFC的产电明显增强,开路电压提高了10%。加载磁场后最大功率密度为2.08 W/m2,大于加载前的1.58 W/m2,表观内阻由170Ω降至80Ω。电化学阻抗谱分析确定了阳极、阴极和全电池的等效电路模型,拟合结果发现阳极极化内阻约为5Ω。加载磁场使MFC的阴极极化内阻由74.98Ω降至56.73Ω。     

中央空调净化系统的改进措施

介绍了室内空气净化技术及其特点.针对中央空调系统的特点,提出了将活性炭吸附技术、TiO2光催化技术与静电除尘技术结合的静电活性炭-TiO2光催化复合技术,这一组合技术可能成为今后空调系统空气净化系统重要的改进措施.     

五氯苯酚与腐殖酸作用的荧光猝灭效应研究

通过对五氯苯酚与腐殖酸作用的荧光猝灭效应研究,探讨了五氯苯酚与腐殖酸之间的相互作用机理.结果表明,五氯苯酚可以有规律地猝灭腐殖酸的内源荧光,其猝灭机理可认为是五氯苯酚和腐殖酸形成复合物的静态猝灭,五氯苯酚与腐殖酸的结合常数较大,说明腐殖酸能够有效吸附五氯苯酚分子,形成复合物;并获得了不同温度下,五氯苯酚与腐殖酸作用的结合常数和热力学参数.根据所得结果可推断五氯苯酚与腐殖酸的主要作用力为氢键和范德华力.