基于城市大气挥发性有机物特征分析的数据质量评估方法及案例

城市大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)监测是空气质量监测网的重要组成部分,而数据质量控制和质量保证是VOCs监测的基础。基于8次中国城市大气VOCs外场监测,通过挖掘VOCs浓度、组成和化学活性的内在规律,对VOCs监测数据质量进行评估并总结方法。分析结果显示:城市大气乙烷和苯等长寿命组分具有明显的背景浓度,且区域背景值较为接近,可以用来诊断长寿命VOCs组分浓度异常偏低或偏高现象。而示踪组分的季节(日)变化规律可以用来识别VOCs组分定性问题(如夏季大气异戊二烯和烷基硝酸酯浓度日变化规律应反映植被排放和光化学反应特征)。另外,在气团混合均匀的情况下,VOCs浓度波动与其活性之间存在负相关,这一规律可以用来核查数据准确性或局地源影响。     

南通市大气降水中硫酸根的影响因素研究

随着环境空气污染的日益加重,研究硫酸根与降水中其他因子的相关关系对准确反映大气的质量状况具有重要意义.根据南通市2018年的降水监测数据,采用SPSS统计分析软件对降水中的硫酸根浓度与pH值、电导率以及常见阴、阳离子进行相关性分析,推断出离子的可能来源.通过多元线性回归模型可以对南通的硫酸根离子浓度进行预测.研究为南通...     

CNG加气站危险性分析及事故预防措施研究

本文首先研究提出了国内外CNG加气站的一般组成结构,即调压计量系统、净化干燥系统、气体压缩系统、压缩天然气储存系统、控制系统和售气系统6个子系统;接着对近几年发生的加气站事故进行统计与分析,指出了加气站易发生事故的关键部位一售气系统、高压储气系统和CNG压缩系统;然后对CNG加气站的常见危险有害因素进行了辨识与分析,即高压、易燃易爆、易泄漏、点火源众多等;最后根据辨识结果,研究提出了建设安全监控预警与事故应急综合管理系统等具体事故预防措施。     

Measurement Diagnostics by Analysis of Last Digits

Though measurement instruments and methods have their natural precision limits, long term monitoring, which is so importantfor environmental studies, requires to set up and maintaincertain standards regarding precision. The elementaryrequirement is to produce measurements with a prescribed numberof valid digits. If the technology further develops and allowsto increase the number of valid digits, the change should bedocumented. In this paper we discuss a simple procedure for validity assessment of the last digits of data in a data base.It may be useful for both calibration control of an instrumentas well as for preliminary data analysis in scientific studies.The procedure utilizes the assumption that, under normalconditions, the last digits of the observed data can usually beconsidered as uniformly distributed random numbers. Failures ordeliberate changes in the observation mechanism can be detectedif particular digits occur more frequently than the others. Thedecision about proper representations of the last digits is doneby means of the familiar chi-square statistics.     

几种统计学方法在环境影响因子辨识中的应用

分析比较了相关分析法、多元线性回归法与逐步回归法在环境影响因子辨识中的功能异同点。以甘肃省白银市为例 ,用 3种统计学方法对城郊土壤 -作物系统重金属污染影响因子进行判别 ,提出了研究区土壤污染修复方案选择指标的建议     

福建省台湾入境游客市场预测模型分析

随着海峡两岸旅游区的发展,对台湾旅游市场进行预测可以更好地帮助福建省制定对台旅游发展战略和市场开发模式。通过对目前较为实用的两种预测模式——回归分析和灰色预测进行分析比较得出指数模型在游客预测中的优越性,从而得出相应的预测模型。对未来几年游客量进行预测,从定量分析的角度对福建省开展对台旅游提出依据。     

危险货物道路运输事故统计分析

为掌握危险货物道路运输事故的发生规律,预防事故与灾害发生,笔者收集、整理了2000年9月至2007年3月间的609起危险货物道路运输事故案例,并对案例进行详细分解和统计分析,获得了危险货物道路运输事故的时间分布、地域分布、路段分布、事故形态分布、事故原因分布等统计特征。研究结果表明,危险货物道路运输事故具有如下规律:早晨和上午(4时至12时)是事故多发时段;事故形态以单车事故为主,特别是车辆倾斜或侧翻事故为数最多;驾驶员处置不当和违法驾驶行为以及运输车辆机件失效是导致事故的最主要的两类原因。针对案例分析结果,提出预防危险货物道路运输事故、保障危险货物道路运输安全的对策与建议。     

工业土地利用与行业结构调整研究--基于昆山1400多家工业企业有效问卷的调查

以昆山市工业企业用地利用调查数据为依据。分析了现有昆山工业行业产业结构现状,并选取了6个相应的评价指标一在1414份问卷基础上,应用统计分析法,对所调查的工业内部不同17行业企业用地土地利用程度进行定量化评价。根据定量化评价结果并结合昆山市实际情况和有关的行业发展目标提出了产业调整和提高土地集约利用程度的途径与措施。     

GROUPWISE MODELING STUDY OF BACTERIALLY IMPAIRED WATERSHEDS IN TEXAS: CLUSTERING ANALYSIS1

ABSTRACT: Under the Clean Water Act (CWA) program, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) listed 110 stream segments in the year 2000 with pathogenic bacteria impairment. A study was conducted to evaluate the probable sources of pollution and characterize the watersheds associated with these impaired water bodies. The primary aim of the study was to group the water bodies into clusters having similar watershed characteristics and to examine the possibility of studying them as a group by choosing models for total maximum daily load (TMDL) development based on their characteristics. This approach will help to identify possible sources and determine appropriate models and hence reduce the number of required TMDL studies. This in turn will help in reducing the effort required to restore the health of the impaired water bodies in Texas. The main characteristics considered for the classification of water bodies were land use distribution within the watershed, density of stream network, average distance of land of a particular use to the closest stream, household population, density of on‐site sewage facilities (OSSFs), bacterial loading from different types of farm animals and wildlife, and average climatic conditions. The climatic data and observed instream fecal coliform bacteria concentrations were analyzed to evaluate seasonal variability of instream water quality. The grouping of water bodies was carried out using the multivariate statistical techniques of factor analysis/principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis. The multivariate statistical analysis resulted in six clusters of water bodies. The main factors that differentiated the clusters were found to be bacterial contribution from farm animals and wildlife, density of OSSFs, density of households connected to public sewers, and land use distribution.