全国非煤矿山总量情况统计分析及监管建议

为研究全国非煤矿山基本情况并为非煤矿山安全监管部门提供决策支撑,采用统计、对比分析等方法,以各地上报的2017年统计数据及历年安全生产年鉴为依据,对我国“十三五”期间非煤矿山总量、类型、分布以及“头顶库”、高边坡露天矿山等重点监管对象进行分析,并在此基础上提出强化重点对象精准监管、严格安全生产条件、严控建设项目准入、规范尾矿库闭库注销制度4点监管建议。分析汇总了截至2017年底我国非煤矿山总量情况的统计数据,可为非煤矿山行业的深入分析研究提供重要支撑。     

辽宁省水库富营养化限制因子及风险研究

中国东北部典型水库群的富营养化风险管理是饮用水安全的重要保障。选择辽宁省15个主要水库作为研究案例,以近十年的水质数据为评价基础,采用统计学分析方法,针对春、夏、秋3个季节建立富营养化指标的回归模型,识别不同季节富营养化产生的主要限制因子。采用概率分布曲线法对各水库发生中营养化和轻度富营养化的风险进行评估,并对15座水库的风险进行排序。结果表明:水库富营养化在不同季节的环境限制因子各有不同,水库中营养化和轻度富营养化的风险特征也有显著差异。     

Passive acoustic monitoring of the decline of Mexico's critically endangered vaquita

The vaquita (Phocoena sinus) is the world's most endangered marine mammal with approximately 245 individuals remaining in 2008. This species of porpoise is endemic to the northern Gulf of California, Mexico, and historically the population has declined because of unsustainable bycatch in gillnets. An illegal gillnet fishery for an endangered fish, the totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi), has recently resurged throughout the vaquita's range. The secretive but lucrative wildlife trade with China for totoaba swim bladders has probably increased vaquita bycatch mortality by an unknown amount. Precise population monitoring by visual surveys is difficult because vaquitas are inherently hard to see and have now become so rare that sighting rates are very low. However, their echolocation clicks can be identified readily on specialized acoustic detectors. Acoustic detections on an array of 46 moored detectors indicated vaquita acoustic activity declined by 80% between 2011 and 2015 in the central part of the species’ range. Statistical models estimated an annual rate of decline of 34% (95% Bayesian credible interval –48% to –21%). Based on results from 2011 to 2014, the government of Mexico enacted and is enforcing an emergency 2‐year ban on gillnets throughout the species’ range to prevent extinction, at a cost of US$74 million to compensate fishers. Developing precise acoustic monitoring methods proved critical to exposing the severity of vaquitas’ decline and emphasizes the need for continual monitoring to effectively manage critically endangered species.     

Urban Land-Use Influences on Transport of Heavy Metals to Lakes and Concentrations in Fish

Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution: Focus - To investigate the urban land-useinfluences on transport of heavy metals to lakesand metal concentrations in fish liver (perch andcrucian carp), ten lakes...     

IDENTIFICATION OF CHANGES IN STREAMFLOW CHARACTERISTICS1

ABSTRACT: A set of procedures for identifying changes in selected streamflow characteristics at sites having long‐term continuous streamflow records is illustrated by using streamflow data from the Waccamaw River at Freeland, North Carolina for the 55‐year period of 1940–1994. Data were evaluated and compared to streamflow in the adjacent Lumber River Basin to determine if changes in streamflow characteristics in the Waccamaw River were localized and possibly the result of some human activity, or consistent with regional variations. Following 1963, droughts in the Waccamaw Basin seem to have been less severe than in the Lumber Basin, and the annual one‐, seven‐, and 30‐day low flows exhibited a slightly increasing trend in the Waccamaw River. Mean daily flows in the Waccamaw River at the 90 percent exceedance level (low flows) during 1985–194, a relatively dry period, were very nearly equal to flows at the same exceedance level for 1970–1979, which represents the 10‐year period between 1940 and 1994 with the highest flows. Prior to the 1980s, flows per unit drainage area in the Waccamaw Basin were generally less than those in the Lumber Basin, but after 1980, the opposite was true. The ratio of base flow to runoff in the Waccamaw River may have changed relative to that in the Lumber River in the late 1970s. There was greater variability in Waccamaw River streamflow than in Lumber River flow, and flow variability in the Waccamaw River may have increased slightly during 1985–1994.     

Water quality of reclaimed water from treated urban wastewater in Chaobai River Basin,North China

The utilization of reclaimed water could be an efficient tool to alleviate water scarcity, especially for dry river augmentation. However, it is crucial to monitor water quality to ensure safety to human health and to avoid negative effects on the environment. Reclaimed water samples were collected bimonthly from May to November in 2010 in Chaobai River, and the physiochemical parameters were determined. The main results are as follows: The parameters exceeding the threshold value of the water guidelines are mainly nutrition related to nitrogen and phosphorus, which are known to increase the risk of eutrophication in surface waters. Additionally, nitrite and nitrate can be detrimental to human health. The majority of the parameters have a peaking concentration in May, whereas others either show significant temporal variation over the entire period or remain relatively constant in all four months. Correlation analysis shows that some parameters (pH, T and B) have no significant correlation with others, whereas significant positive correlation was found for Sr with EC and TDS, for Cl with TDS, for SiO₂ with TP and for NO₃–N with TN and a significant negative correlation between SO₄ and Ba. According to principal component analysis, 60.108% of the total data is represented by dominant solutes, and the second principal component with a percentage of 31.876 comprises parameters related to nitrogen. Subsequent cluster analysis of parameters identified four groups, which represent different compositions, and samples in May differ from others.     

防污漆中活性物质海洋环境风险评估关键技术探讨

防污漆中的活性物质对海洋生态环境和人类健康造成的潜在风险受到日益广泛的关注,一些发达国家已建立了针对活性物质海洋环境风险评估的技术体系,但我国相关研究目前尚属空白。综述了防污漆活性物质海洋环境风险评估的研究背景、相关法规、技术标准和发展现状,针对环境风险评估的2个重要组成部分(危害性评估和暴露评估)中的关键技术进行了探讨。在危害性评估中,重点分析和比较了受试生物物种的选择原则、生态毒理数据的要求以及预测无效应浓度的推导方法和应用范围;在暴露评估中,系统阐述了活性物质在水环境中释放速率的计算及修正方法、环境浓度的预测模型、现有的暴露场景及其局限性等。本文以期为我国开展防污漆活性物质海洋环境风险评估提供研究基础和科学依据,并提出了今后的研究重点和方向。     

2006年1-2月国内安全事故统计分析

统计了2006年1-2月国内发生的各种安全事故413起,包括矿业事故、交通事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄露和中毒及其他事故.统计表明,在这些事故中,交通事故最多,占49.15%,平均每天3.4起事故,其次是矿业事故(39.47%)、爆炸事故(3.87%)、其他事故(3.63%)、毒物泄露和中毒(1.94%)、火灾(1.94%).413起事故共死亡1 302人,伤1 367人,死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故61.52%、矿业事故22.66%、爆炸事故6.84%、泄露中毒4.30%、其他事故3.30%、火灾1.38%;受伤人数的百分比分别为交通事故73.81%、矿业事故10.83%、爆炸事故9.44%、其他事故4.39%、火灾0.88%、泄露中毒0.66%.     

2006年5-6月国内安全事故统计分析

统计了2006年5-6月国内发生的各种安全事故279起,包括矿业事故、交通事故、爆炸事故、火灾、毒物泄露和中毒及其他事故.统计表明,在这些事故中,交通事故最多,占48.03%,其次是矿业事故(27.60%)、其他事故(8.24%)、爆炸事故(6.45%)、毒物泄露和中毒(6.09%)、火灾(3.58%).279起事故共死亡1 106人,伤1 043人,死亡人数的百分比分别为交通事故45.30%、矿业事故32.37%、爆炸事故7.23%、其他事故6.78%、泄露中毒4.79%、火灾3.53%;受伤人数的百分比分别为交通事故52.92%、矿业事故16.49%、爆炸事故9.88%、泄露中毒9.68%、其他事故6.52%、火灾4.51%.     

高校学生安全素质调查研究

高校是一个聚集着大批社会人才的特殊地理区域，是国家经济发展的源泉与动力所在。高校学生是国家文化，知识的领军人物，是社会发展的栋梁。但近年来，高校安全事故不断披露于各种新闻媒体，究其主要原因是由于高校学生较低的安全素质。本文利用调查问卷和统计分析方法，对高校学生的安全素质进行调查和分析，为高校的安全管理和校园安全文化建设提供参考。