钢铁行业大气环境影响评价方法与建议

按钢铁行业大气环评报告书的结构和顺序,结合HJ 2.2-2008《环境影响评价技术导则大气环境》中的相关技术要求,从评价因子、源强、评价等级、大气监测、大气预测、防护距离等方面出发,分析了钢铁行业大气环评中的评价等级确定、大气监测、大气预测等工作中存在的问题,并提出解决方案和建议对策。     

汽车镀锌板泥浆附着研究初探

介绍了镀锌板在大气和土壤中的研究结果;简要讨论了镀锌板通常出现的腐蚀形式;分析了镀锌板在泥浆状态中的腐蚀状况.其腐蚀是大气与土壤腐蚀的一个衔接过程,影响因素很多,可控性差.针对汽车板泥浆附着的腐蚀问题,设计了一种简化的研究模型,尝试性地做了一些实验室的研究,提出了几种可行的研究方法.     

我国典型钢铁行业主要工艺环节排放颗粒物源成分谱特征

鉴于我国钢铁行业排放颗粒物源成分谱数量不足,有待更新的现状,致力于服务精细化颗粒物源解析的需求,采用稀释通道系统对武汉市某钢铁公司的3个主要工艺环节(烧结、炼钢、炼铁)排放源进行了采样.构建了3类PM_(2.5)源成分谱及3类PM_(10)成分谱,对源谱主要化学组分特征进行了研究,并与国内其他区域已有的钢铁行业源谱研究进行了对比.结果表明:(1)烧结工艺源成分谱中,SO_4~(2-)、Al和NH_4~+等含量高,PM_(2.5)源谱中质量分数依次为22. 2%、4. 5%和3. 5%,PM_(10)源谱中依次为36. 0%、5. 2%和2. 7%,炼铁工艺Fe元素含量最高,在PM_(2.5)源谱和PM_(10)源谱中分别达到28. 3%和24. 5%,炼钢工艺源谱Ca、Fe元素等为主要组分;(2)元素组分中,烧结工艺S元素含量最高,地壳元素在PM_(10)源谱中含量更高,炼铁工艺Pb、Cr等重金属含量偏高,炼钢工艺Cr富集;(3)源谱之间分歧系数的计算显示,同类工艺粗细粒径源谱相似性偏高,烧结工艺与其他两类工艺源谱之间差异性较高,炼钢工艺与炼铁工艺差异性较低.同国内其他区域研究源谱相比,发现Fe、Si和Ca等为钢铁行业排放颗粒物中标识性组分,而碳组分和SO_4~(2-)等组分特征随生产方式、除污设备等不同表现出不同特征.     

小冲杆试验测定重离子辐照A508-3钢的硬化和脆化

目的采用小冲杆测试方法测量高能重离子辐照反应堆压力容器A508-3钢的辐照硬化和脆化特性,为工况条件下反应堆压力容器寿命预测提供实验依据。方法采用兰州重离子加速器提供的高能C^(6+)离子通过减能装置在290℃条件下开展A508-3钢辐照实验,并在样品表面形成一定厚度、准均匀分布的离位损伤层。通过开展不同辐照剂量辐照样品的小冲杆测试,得到不同辐照剂量A508-3钢的小冲杆载荷-位移曲线。通过对小冲杆测试得到的载荷-位移曲线的分析,测定不同辐照剂量样品的辐照硬化和脆化特性。结果压力容器A508-3钢辐照样品的硬化和脆化随着辐照剂量的增加逐渐增强,0.15 dpa以前呈线性增长,而后缓慢增大,约0.2 dpa时达到饱和趋势。结论通过小冲杆测试可以得到离子辐照样品的硬化和脆化行为,A508-3钢辐照硬化和脆化行为具有一致的变化趋势。     

Low-carbon transition of iron and steel industry in China: Carbon intensity, economic growth and policy intervention

As the biggest iron and steel producer in the world and one of the highest CO₂ emission sectors, China's iron and steel industry is undergoing a low-carbon transition accompanied by remarkable technological progress and investment adjustment, in response to the macroeconomic climate and policy intervention. Many drivers of the CO₂ emissions of the iron and steel industry have been explored, but the relationships between CO₂ abatement, investment and technological expenditure, and their connections with the economic growth and governmental policies in China, have not been conjointly and empirically examined. We proposed a concise conceptual model and an econometric model to investigate this crucial question. The results of regression, Granger causality test and impulse response analysis indicated that technological expenditure can significantly reduce CO₂ emissions, and that investment expansion showed a negative impact on CO₂ emission reduction. It was also argued with empirical evidence that a good economic situation favored CO₂ abatement in China's iron and steel industry, while achieving CO₂ emission reduction in this industrial sector did not necessarily threaten economic growth. This shed light on the dispute over balancing emission cutting and economic growth. Regarding the policy aspects, the year 2000 was found to be an important turning point for policy evolution and the development of the iron and steel industry in China. The subsequent command and control policies had a significant, positive effect on CO₂ abatement.     

黑色金属材料在长江淡水中的腐蚀行为

通过现场暴露试验,获得了2种碳钢、3种不锈钢及1种不锈钢与碳钢复合板材料在武汉长江淡水中的4年腐蚀试验结果,总结了它们的腐蚀行为。结果表明,Q235和16Mn碳钢在武汉长江中有较高的腐蚀率和明显的点蚀,稳定腐蚀率为0.055 mm/a;暴露4 a,奥氏体不锈钢304和316L没有明显腐蚀,而马氏体不锈钢430有较明显的点蚀和缝隙腐蚀;马氏体不锈钢0Cr13Ni5Mo与Q345C复合钢板在长江淡水中使用4 a后,0Cr13Ni5Mo发生严重的点蚀,说明马氏体不锈钢在淡水中的应用应慎重。     

小口径弹药筒失效分析

通过宏观观察、微观断口分析、成分分析、金相分析和磁粉探伤等方法对靶试后出现开裂的某小口径弹药药筒进行了失效分析.该药筒的裂纹处有明显的压痕,断口微观形貌韧性特征明显,药筒钢材的化学成分、夹杂物含量和显微组织均符合规定的要求,磁粉探伤表明其表面、近表面无缺陷.认为药筒表面的压痕是导致药筒开裂的主要原因.     

Comparative study of microbial community structure in di erent filter media of constructed wetland

Comparisons of microbial community structure, in eight filter media of zeolites, anthracite, shale, vermiculite, ceramic filter media, gravel, steel slag and bio-ceramic, were undertaken by analyzing the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition. A total of 20 fatty acids in the range of C11 to C20 were determined but only 13 PLFAs were detected in steel slag. They consist of saturated fatty acids, branched fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The variation of fatty acids was revealed in the relative proportions of these fatty acids in di erent media. The aerobic prokaryotes were the predominant group in all media. The PLFA composition showed significant di erences among the eight di erent media by Tukey’s honestly test. It was found that steel slag was significantly di erent in the microbial community as compared to other filter media, probably due to its alkaline e uent. Steel slag alone is probably not a good choice of substratum in constructed wetlands. The principle components analysis (PCA) showed that zeolites, bio-ceramic, shale and vermiculite had a similar microbial community structure while steel slag and ceramic filter media were distinct from other media.     

A miniature stainless steel net dumbbell-shaped stir-bar for the extraction of phthalate esters in instant noodle and rice soup samples

Abstract

This work reports the development of a very-simple-to-construct stir-bar extraction device so called “a dumbbell-shaped stainless steel stir-bar.” The extraction device was assembled from a rolled up stainless steel net filled with an XAD-2 sorbent and a metal rod to allow the use of a magnetic stirrer during extraction. The dumbbell-shaped stainless steel stir-bar was used to extract diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) before analysis by a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GD-ECD). Under the optimal conditions, the developed method provided a good linearity from 10.0 to 1,000.0?ng mL^?1 for all three compounds. Limits of detection and limits of quantification were 9.37?±?0.29?ng mL^?1 and 31.22?±?0.95?ng mL^?1 for DEP, 5.73?±?0.31?ng mL^?1 and 19.1?±?1.0?ng mL^?1 for DBP and 3.30?±?0.06?ng mL^?1 and 11.0?±?0.19?ng mL^?1 for DEHP, respectively. Good recoveries in the range of 81.89?±?0.17 to 109.5?±?2.0% were achieved when the method was used to extract phthalate esters in five instant noodle and two rice soup samples.     

差厚贴合减振钢板成形性的数值模拟研究

采用有限元软件MSC.Marc基于更新拉格朗日的弹塑性本构方程,对减振钢板的拉深变形进行了数值模拟。模拟得出了变形过程中的应力应变状态和错动量分布。通过改变内外两层钢板的厚度比,分析了差厚贴合对减振钢板拉深变形错动量的影响。为减振钢板的设计和应用研究提供了可靠的理论依据。