钢渣脱除烧结烟气中二氧化硫的实验研究

通过对钢渣的分析，确定了其作为脱硫剂的可能性。从钢渣在不同操作条件下脱硫的实验研究看，钢渣能有效地脱除烟气中的SO2，在湿润状态、低流速条件下，微细钢渣的脱硫能力较强，钢渣作为脱硫剂使用将具有良好的经济效益和环境效益。     

18CrNi4WA 钢渗碳针阀体开裂失效分析

目的研究18CrNi4WA钢渗碳针阀体开裂失效原因。方法通过化学成分分析、断口扫描分析、金相组织分析、能谱分析等测试手段,对18CrNi4WA钢渗碳针阀体的断裂模式及失效原因进行分析。结果针阀体失效件原始材料符合针阀体制造要求,但渗碳淬火温度过高,未得到最优的渗碳层组织,燃油中存在的硫元素导致喷油孔位置产生严重腐蚀,燃油局部压力的变化导致针阀体表面产生空蚀损伤,裂纹起始于喷油孔圆周面,自裂纹源向外发散呈月牙状,为典型疲劳断裂特征。结论腐蚀与空蚀损伤的协同作用加快裂纹的萌生,使针阀体在热疲劳及机械振动等交变载荷的作用下产生疲劳开裂,使用寿命大为降低。     

Water quality induced corrosion of stainless steel valves during long-term service in a reverse osmosis system

The current study analyzes the contribution of 10 water quality parameters (including pH, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, total organic carbon (TOC), alkalinity, calcium ions, chlorides and sulfates) to corrosion extent of stainless steel valves taken from different locations in a reverse osmosis system of a reclaimed water plant. The valves were in service for 5 years. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses are conducted to quantify corrosion products on different valves under various water quality conditions. On that basis, bivariate and multivariate regression analyses between the 10 water quality parameters and the corrosion extent of valve specimens (represented by metal loss percentage (MLP) values) are carried out to check the contribution of those water quality parameters to MLP. The results indicate that the proportions of metal oxides as corrosion products vary according to the corrosion extent of the valves. Although no linear correlation is found, all 10 water quality parameters except for pH show a significant positive correlation with the MLP values of the valve specimens. Moreover, results of multivariate regression suggest that the variation of MLP can be explained by turbidity, TDS, TOC and sulfates. A positive contribution of turbidity, TDS and TOC to MLP is observed, whereas the contribution of sulfates is negative. The results from the current work help to identify the reasons for water quality-induced failure of stainless steel equipment in RO systems.     

Chemical fixation of toxic metals in stainless steel pickling residue by Na2S∙xH2O, FeSO4∙6H2O and phosphoric acid for beneficial uses

The leaching concentrations of different metals in stainless steel pickling residue(SSPR)were determined and the toxic metals were treated using Na_2 S·xH_2 O,FeSO_4·6 H_2 O,and phosphoric acid.A modified European Community Bureau of Reference(BCR) sequential extraction was used to identify the speciation of the concerned metals.Results showed that SSPR contains a large amount of Ca(58.41%),Fe(29.44%),Cr(3.83%),Ni(2.94%),Mn(2.82%) and some of Al,Cu,Mg,Zn.Among them,Cr and Ni were the most toxic metals in SSPR,thus the raw SSPR falls into hazardous waste category due to the leaching amount of Cr.In addition,the leached Cr was identified as Cr6+(MgCr04) in the waste.BCR test revealed that risk assessment code(RAC) of Cr and Ni were 33.29% and 61.7%,indicating they posed "high" and "very high" risk to the environment,respectively.After fixing by Na_2 S·xH_2 O and FeSO_4·6 H_2 O,the leaching concentrations of Cr and Ni were less than 1.5 and 0.5 mg/L,respectively.After fixing by Na_2 S·xH_2 O and FeSO_4·6 H_2 O the tre ated SSPR can be safely reused as roadbed materials,concrete and cement aggregates.This study provides a useful implication in treatment and beneficial reuse of heavy metal-containing hazardous wastes.     

典型钢铁企业挥发性有机物排放量测算及组分特征

选取涵盖钢铁炼制全流程的典型企业,综合采用不同核算方法估算比较了该企业挥发性有机物（VOCs）排放结果;并在此基础之上,通过氟聚化合物气袋、SUMMA罐采样及气相色谱质谱联用仪（GC-FID/MS）分析方法,对烧结、焦化、热轧和冷轧等工序废气中VOCs浓度水平及排放特征进行监测.结果表明,整个厂区VOCs年排放量为430.82t,其中工艺有组织排放占66.0%,储罐18.5%;烧结机头和焦炉推焦排放口VOCs及非甲烷总烃（NMHC）浓度高于其他点位;各工序排放的芳香烃占比较高,其中焦化装煤除尘和焦炉推焦排放口芳香烃占90%以上;烧结工序CS₂占比最高（36.6%）,其次为苯和甲苯;焦化工序占比靠前的物种为1,2,4-三甲基苯、邻甲乙苯、1,4-二乙基苯、1,2,3-三甲基苯和1,3,5-三甲基苯等;热轧工序与其他工序有一定区别,车间无组织排放芳香烃和烷烃占比均在35%左右,排放靠前的物种除芳香烃外还有高碳烷烃,如十一烷、十二烷和正丁烷等;冷轧工序有组织和无组织排放主要物种较为类似,均为芳香烃物种,如乙基苯、间/对二甲苯、甲苯、苯和邻二甲苯.不同工艺环节排放物种存在一定差异,但主要以焦化副产物（芳香烃）和烧结燃烧产物（CS₂）为主,建议钢铁行业有针对性地加强浓度高、活性高和毒性大的组分控制.     

Cu(II)和Pb(II)在NaA分子筛膜@Fe0固定床上的去除动力学

以不锈钢纤维烧结毡为载体,采用二次生长和液相还原法合成了一种新型的微纤复合NaA分子筛膜@Fe⁰复合材料,考察了其对Cu（Ⅱ）和Pb（Ⅱ）混合溶液的去除动力学.首先,采用二次生长法在不锈钢纤维烧结毡上合成NaA分子筛膜,然后以七水硫酸亚铁、硼氢化钠和微纤复合NaA分子筛膜为原料,利用液相还原法制备微纤复合NaA分子筛膜@Fe⁰复合材料,并采用扫描电镜和X射线光电子能谱进行分析表征.然后,考察了连续固定床反应器中pH值、入口浓度和床层高度对Cu（Ⅱ）和Pb（Ⅱ）去除效果的影响,并采用Bohart-Adams和Yoon-Nelson模型进行拟合分析.结果表明,纳米零价铁被均匀负载于分子筛膜表面,经过固定床动力学实验后,铜和铅附着在复合材料上;随着pH增加或入口浓度降低,Cu（Ⅱ）和Pb（Ⅱ）的透过时间均延长,随着床层高度从0.45 cm增加到0.65 cm,Cu（Ⅱ）和Pb（Ⅱ）透过时间略有增加,继续增加床层高度到0.90 cm,Cu（Ⅱ）和Pb（Ⅱ）透过时间显著延长,当床层高度为0.90 cm时,70 min时Cu（Ⅱ）透过浓度达到入口浓度的4.3%,200 min时Pb（Ⅱ）透过浓度仅为入口浓度的5.6%.Bohart-Adams模型适合描述透过曲线的初始部分（C/C₀<0.5）,Yoon-Nelson模型更适合拟合长床柱中Cu（Ⅱ）和Pb（Ⅱ）的连续去除.     

E420在南海岛礁海水环境腐蚀行为规律研究

目的 研究E420低合金钢材料在南海岛礁海水环境中的腐蚀行为规律。方法 通过外场暴露试验,分析E420钢在南海岛礁飞溅、潮差和全浸区带暴露0.5、1、1.5、2 a后的腐蚀形貌与动力学规律,并建立腐蚀速率灰色预测模型GM(1,1)。结果 随暴露周期的延长,南海岛礁不同海水区带环境下,E420的腐蚀速率呈下降趋势,点蚀深度则整体达到一个较高的水平。飞溅区腐蚀速率数值最大,远大于一般海域,潮差次之,全浸最小。灰色模型GM(1,1)的腐蚀速率预测值与实测值相对误差低于25%。结论 南海岛礁不同海水区带E420腐蚀严重,以飞溅尤为严酷,锈层防护作用有限。腐蚀随时间倾向于不均匀发展。灰色模型GM(1,1)用于预测岛礁海水环境腐蚀可以取得较好的结果?     

Stainless steel corrosion scale formed in reclaimed water: Characteristics, model for scale growth and metal element release

Stainless steels generally have extremely good corrosion resistance, but are still susceptible to pitting corrosion. As a result, corrosion scales can form on the surface of stainless steel after extended exposure to aggressive aqueous environments. Corrosion scales play an important role in affecting water quality. These research results showed that interior regions of stainless steel corrosion scales have a high percentage of chromium phases. We reveal the morphology, micro-structure and physicochemical characteristics of stainless steel corrosion scales. Stainless steel corrosion scale is identified as a podiform chromite deposit according to these characteristics, which is unlike deposit formed during iron corrosion. A conceptual model to explain the formation and growth of stainless steel corrosion scale is proposed based on its composition and structure. The scale growth process involves pitting corrosion on the stainless steel surface and the consecutive generation and homogeneous deposition of corrosion products, which is governed by a series of chemical and electrochemical reactions. This model shows the role of corrosion scales in the mechanism of iron and chromium release from pitting corroded stainless steel materials. The formation of corrosion scale is strongly related to water quality parameters. The presence of HClO results in higher ferric content inside the scales. Cl⁻ and SO₄^2 − ions in reclaimed water play an important role in corrosion pitting of stainless steel and promote the formation of scales.     

中国钢铁工业环保和节能的现状与发展

从钢铁工业的环境负荷，节能降耗，重点推广成熟的技术和全行业推行清洁生产等方面概述了钢铁工业环保与节能工作的现状与发展。     

BSSF滚筒法液态钢渣水淬尾气净化工艺的分析

针对BSSF滚筒法钢渣水淬工艺尾气排放存在的湿度高、间歇性、波动性大、烟尘粒径小等特点,提出了采用旋流喷雾除尘和自激式湿法除尘的联合工艺,结合工程应用对除尘效果进行了理论分析和数值模拟论证。结果表明：在除尘器前的管道内采用气雾两相喷枪进行喷雾,通过微细尘粒与液滴发生碰撞凝并,可以使捕集颗粒物尺度增大。在管道截面平均风速...