三销齿轮高速冷镦挤工艺及模具设计

分析了摩托车变速器三销齿轮的成形工艺。采用了高速令镦挤成形工艺，可提高三销齿轮的质量、减少机械加工及降低产品成本。对三销齿轮成形工艺和模具设计作了详细探讨。     

一种新型的机械除尘技术——旋流除尘离心机

简要介绍了一项高效、经济的机械除尘技术,一种新型的旋流除尘离心机,给出了这种离心机除尘性能指标等的中期试验结果,指出了它的技术特点。     

电动转向系统助力性能研究

汽车电动转向系统的助力性能直接关系到汽车转向操作的安全 ,笔者以电动转向系统的跟踪性能和对扭矩传感器测量噪声及路面干扰的抑制为控制系统设计的目标 ,将H∞ 控制理论应用于控制系统的设计 ,采用LMI处理方法设计了控制器。计算机仿真结果证实 ,所设计的电动转向系统具有良好的跟踪性能 ,并有效地抑制了扭矩传感器测量噪声和路面激励干扰的影响 ,仿真结果为电动转向系统的设计提供了依据     

旋风除尘器的压力损失及减阻措施

通过探讨引起旋风除尘器阻力损失的原因，提出了相应的减阻措施－安装导向板和内筒。     

Bio-economic evaluation of implementing trawl fishing gear with different selectivity

The paper develops a biological-economic evaluation tool to analyse the consequences for trawl fishers of implementing more selective fishing technologies. This is done by merging a dynamic biological population model and an economic cost–benefit evaluation framework to describe the consequences for the fish stocks, fishermen and society. The bio-economic evaluation is applied to the case of the Danish trawl fishery in Kattegat and Skagerrak, which experiences a high level of discards and bycatches of several species. Four different kinds of selectivity scenarios are evaluated in comparison with a baseline. The results from the evaluation are indicators for the consequences on ecological and economic levels. The results show that implementation of different selective fishing gear in the Kattegat and Skagerrak mixed trawl fisheries generally implies a trade off over time between rebuilding the stocks and economic loss. Moreover, the analysis shows that implementation of more selective gear is not always beneficial.     

The conspicuity of first-responder safety garments

Introduction

This study compared the conspicuity of three types of first-responder safety garments (NFPA 1971-2007 turnout gear coats, and ANSI/ISEA 107 and 207 safety vests).

Method

Participants drove instrumented vehicles on a closed track during both daytime and nighttime, indicating when they could first detect pedestrians in a simulated emergency response scene. Pedestrians wore one of the safety garments and stood on either side of the emergency scene, facing or perpendicular to oncoming traffic, and either stationary or walking in place.

Results

All three garment standards provided equal levels of conspicuity, in that the distances at which the pedestrians were detected were equivalent. Time of day was a significant factor, with longer mean detection distances being observed in daytime. Pedestrian orientation was significant, with mean detection distances being longest when facing traffic. Pedestrian motion did not result in significant differences in detection distance.

Discussion

The results suggest that all three garment types studied are equivalent in making first responders conspicuous as pedestrians when working an emergency response scene in close proximity to traffic.

Impact on Industry

Whether an NFPA or ANSI/ISEA compliant is worn, first responders are equally likely to be detected by passing motorists, and as such these garments should be considered to be equivalent.     

基于GWO-VMD算法的齿轮故障自适应特征提取

目的 齿轮产生故障时,利用其声发射信号进行自适应特征提取后诊断。方法 利用变分模态分解方法（VMD）对齿轮发生故障时的声发射信号进行分解。在现实状况中,采集声发射原信号噪声干扰大,导致特征提取准确度低,并且模态分解时参数需要人为调试设定。鉴于此,引入灰狼优化算法（GWO）,对模态分解个数k和二次惩罚因子α自适应选择最优参数后,对信号分解得到本征模态函数（IMF）。通过相关系数选出最佳IMF作为特征分量,计算其峭度和样本熵。结果 计算了各分量的相关系数,选取与原始信号最为相近的分量,分别计算其峭度和样本熵。分解后,齿轮故障声发射信号峭度高于正常的情况,而样本熵则偶然性表现为正常情况下的值大于故障条件下的值。结论 采用支持向量机对特征向量集进行分类识别,对比改进后的试验结果,GWO-VMD结合峭度–样本熵的方法能够有效地提取故障特征,判断齿轮状态是否健康。     

水陆两栖飞机起落架水环境适应性验证要求与方法

通过水浸润、水冲击、结冰、海洋腐蚀等水环境对起落架的影响及其损伤失效模式的分析研究,提出了水陆两栖飞机起落架水环境验证要求。综合考虑环境适应性验证规范、标准的合理选用和剪裁,建立了水陆两栖飞机起落架水环境试验验证方法,涵盖静水密试验、连续水冲击试验、泥沙水试验、结冰试验以及海洋环境腐蚀试验的条件和方法,以期为水陆两栖飞机起落架的环境适应性设计与验证提供支持。     

含缺陷车辆转向桥前梁部件极限承载规律研究

目的 研究车辆转向桥前梁在受损情况下的极限承载规律。方法 对转向桥前梁在破片高速侵彻作用下的破坏结果进行数值模拟研究,确定破片正侵彻转向桥前梁不同部位时的侵彻弹道。对含侵彻缺陷的转向桥前梁承受垂直载荷能力进行数值模拟研究。结果 确定了破片正侵彻转向桥前梁不同部位时的侵彻弹道约为圆形通孔。对于直径为1 cm的圆孔缺陷,当位于非易损区时,前梁达到极限承载时在易损区发生断裂,其极限承载能力约为无缺陷时70%;位于易损区时,前梁达到极限承载时裂纹会经过圆孔,其极限承载能力约为无缺陷时60%。以某典型车辆为例,计算得到前梁易损区圆孔缺陷直径超过1.8 cm时,前梁会在车辆的自重下发生塑性屈服。结论 转向桥前梁部件极限承载能力受缺陷尺寸和位置的影响,缺陷尺寸越大,前梁极限承载能力越小。当缺陷位于易损区时,前梁极限承载能力比同尺寸缺陷位于非易损区时更小。该结果可为转向桥功能失效分析提供参考依据。