氟化氢熏气和喷施防护剂对小麦应激乙烯产生的影响

应用开顶式熏气装置,研究了ＨＦ熏气对小麦叶片细胞质膜透性和ＭＤＡ（丙二醛）含量的影响,以及ＨＦ熏气和氟污染防护剂抗坏血酸（Ｖｃ）对小麦体内应激乙烯产生的影响,结果表明,小麦接触ＨＦ气体时细胞质膜透性增大,ＭＤＡ含量升高,体内乙烯量增加,增加幅度与ＨＦ的作用剂量有关,喷施防护剂Ｖｃ也引起乙烯量增加,Ｖｃ和ＨＦ在诱导乙烯生成上有协同效应,推测乙烯的增生可能是植物对环境变化的防御性反应。     

Blood biomarkers and contaminant levels in feathers and eggs to assess environmental hazards in heron nestlings from impacted sites in Ebro basin (NE Spain)

Blood biomarkers and levels of major pollutants in eggs and feathers were used to determine pollution effects in nestlings of the Purple Heron Ardea purpurea and the Little Egret Egretta garzetta, sampled on three Ebro River (NE Spain) areas: a reference site, a site affected by the effluents of a chlor-alkali industry and the river Delta. The two impacted heron populations showed mutually different pollutant and response patterns, suggesting different sources of contamination. In the population nesting near the chlor-alkali plant, elevated levels of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) in eggs, and mercury in feathers in A. purpurea chicks were related with reduced blood antioxidant defenses and increased levels of micronuclei. In Ebro Delta, high levels of plasmatic lactate dehydrogenase in A. purpurea chicks and high frequency of micronuclei in blood of both species were tentatively associated with intensive agricultural activities taking place in the area. These results provide the first evidence of a biological response in heron chicks to the release of pollutants at a chlor-alkali plant.     

分点进水对倒置A2/O工艺脱氮除磷效果的影响

在传统A2/O工艺基础上,提出了将缺氧池置于厌氧池前面的分点进水倒置A2/O工艺。通过改变α（进入厌氧区的污水分量）与β（进入缺氧区的污水分量）的比例,考察对倒置A2/O工艺脱氮除磷效果的影响。实验结果表明,当α：β为7∶3时,达到最佳的脱氮除磷效率,分别为74.3%和71.2%。     

Water stress, water transfer and social equity in Northern China--implications for policy reforms

Water stress in Northern China is characterized with major, inefficient irrigation water use and rapidly growing non-agricultural water demands, as well as limited water quantity and declining water quality. Water use in the region is undergoing transfer from agricultural to municipal and industrial sectors. Currently, part of the economic loss and environmental damage due to water stress can be considered as a consequence of water transfer failures, including the current transfers, which hurt farmers' livelihood and income, and the needed transfers, which industry and cities have been waiting for but have not received. This paper starts with a discussion of the causes of water stress in Northern China, which is fundamental to understand the necessity and complexity of agricultural water transfers. Following that, it reviews water transfers in Northern China as a cause for concern over the social stability, economy and environment of the region. Based on an integrated analysis of economic, environmental, fiscal and social implications, this paper begins by identifying critical barriers to smooth water redistribution; and ends with implications for policy reforms, ensuring that farmers can and will save water. It is concluded that the decisions of water reallocation under water stress should be shared by communities at all levels, from the local to the national, to ensure equal access of water, especially the availability of the basic water need for all groups.     

Cobalt and manganese stress in the microalga Pavlova viridis （Prymnesiophyceae）： Effects on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes

Pollution of marine environment has become an issue of major concern in recent years.Serious environmental pollution by heavy metals results from their increasing utilization in industrial processes and because most heavy metals are transported into the marine environment and accumulated without decomposition.The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects on growth,pigments, lipid peroxidation,and some antioxidant enzyme activities of marine microalga Pavlova viridis,in response to elevated concentrations of cobalt(Co)and manganese(Mn),especially with regard to the involvement of antioxidative defences against heavy metal-induced oxidative stress.In response to Co~(2 ),lipid peroxidation was enhanced compared to the control,as an indication of the oxidative damage caused by metal concentration assayed in the microalgal cells but not Mn~(2 ).Exposure of Pavlova viridis to the two metals caused changes in enzyme activities in a different manner,depending on the metal assayed:after Co~(2 )treatments,total superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity was irregular,although it was not significantly affected by Mn~(2 )exposure.Co~(2 )and Mn~(2 )stimulated the activities of catalase(CAT)and glutathione(GSH),whereas,ghitathione peroxidase(GPX)showed a remarkable increase in activity in response to Co~(2 )treatments and decreased gradually with Mn~(2 )concentration,up to 50μmol/L,and then rose very rapidly,reaching to about 38.98% at 200μmol/L Mn~(2 ).These results suggest that an activation of some antioxidant enzymes was enhanced,to counteract the oxidative stress induced by the two metals at higher concentration.     

冲击载荷下螺栓预紧力对应力波影响分析

目的 研究拉伸冲击载荷作用下螺栓预紧力对应力波的影响.方法 针对螺栓弹性变形、塑性变形和冲击破坏3种情形,对螺栓未施加预紧力及施加不同预紧力下的连接结构进行冲击数值模拟,对比分析连接结构的测点应变及螺栓响应,并与霍普金森拉伸实验结果进行对比.结果 螺栓达到断裂或塑性变形时,预紧力对测点应变及螺栓最大应力影响较小;螺栓弹...     

危岩体断裂特性的网格重构数值仿真研究

危岩体稳定是三峡库区的主要关注点之一.为探究不同裂纹赋存形态以及不同降雨工况下危岩体断裂的变形特性,基于围道积分原理,在Abaqus平台上利用Python语言开发了基于断裂力学理论的危岩体任意裂纹扩展的网格重构数值模拟方法,该方法与以往危岩体裂纹扩展数值模拟方法相比,能够体现危岩体裂纹尖端的断裂力学特征,实现连续介质中...     

Si对盐胁迫下水稻根系活力、丙二醛和营养元素含量的影响(Effects of Si on the Index of Root Activity, MDA Content and Nutritional Elements Uptake of Rice under Salt Stress)

为深入了解盐胁迫下外源硅(Si)对水稻生长的作用,采用溶液培养法研究了外源Si对盐(NaCl)胁迫下野生型水稻和硅突变体水稻(不能正常吸收Si)营养元素和生理指标的影响.结果表明:1)外源Si可显著提高盐胁迫下两种水稻的生物量.当NaCl的浓度为100mmol·L-1时,添加1.0mmol·L-1的Si可使野生型水稻茎叶和根系干重提高12.81%和15.25%,硅突变体水稻茎叶干重提高12.31%.2)外源Si可提高盐胁迫下两种水稻茎叶和根系中营养元素含量,降低Na的含量.3)外源Si可显著降低盐胁迫下野生型水稻叶片MDA含量,但对突变体水稻叶片MDA含量影响不大.4)外源Si可显著提高盐胁迫下两种水稻的根系活力.盐胁迫下,与不加Si的对照相比,添加1.0mmol·L-1的Si可分别使野生型和突变体水稻根系活力指数提高60.47%和42.42%.     

十溴二苯乙烷对草鱼幼鱼肝脏和肌肉组织氧化应激效应的影响

十溴二苯乙烷(DBDPE)是目前在全球范围内广泛使用的新型溴代阻燃剂,其环境风险已引起广泛关注,但目前仍缺乏针对水生生物的毒性研究数据。作者通过饲料中添加十溴二苯乙烷暴露的方式对草鱼幼鱼进行长期暴露实验,研究500、1 000和3 000 mg·kg~(-1)三个饲料添加剂量暴露组和1个对照组长期暴露对草鱼幼鱼肝脏和肌肉组织中氧化应激酶(SOD、CAT和GSH-PX)活性和抗氧化物质(GSH)含量的影响。结果显示:暴露8周后,随着DBDPE暴露水平的升高,草鱼幼鱼肝脏组织中氧化应激酶(SOD、CAT和GSH-PX)和抗氧化物质(GSH)均表现出低浓度诱导及高浓度抑制的效应。500和1 000 mg·kg~(-1)剂量组草鱼幼鱼肝脏组织中SOD、CAT和GSH-PX活性和GSH含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),且均在500 mg·kg~(-1)剂量组达到最高。3 000 mg·kg~(-1)剂量组SOD、CAT和GSH-PX活性和GSH含量低于500和1 000 mg·kg~(-1)暴露组,但与对照组无显著性差异(P0.05)。草鱼幼鱼肌肉组织中氧化应激酶活性变化甚微,3个浓度剂量组肌肉组织中SOD、CAT活性和GSH含量以及500 mg·kg~(-1)剂量组GSH-PX活性与对照组均无显著性差异(P0.05)。研究成果表明DBDPE暴露影响草鱼幼鱼肝脏组织的抗氧化防御系统,可以诱导草鱼幼鱼产生氧化应激效应。     

链格孢菌对白车轴草抗旱性的影响

在盆栽自然水分干旱胁迫条件下,研究了接种链格孢菌(Alternaria tenuis Nees)对白车轴草(Trifolium repens L.)抗旱性相关的生理生化指标的影响,结果表明:接种组与对照组叶片的电导率(EC)、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量均与干旱处理时间呈显著正相关,而叶片相对含水量(RWC)、抗坏血酸(ASA)含量与处理时间呈显著负相关。链格孢菌的侵染能促进干旱胁迫下白车轴草叶片EC和MDA含量的增加,延缓Pro的积累,加速叶片RWC和ASA含量的降低。到达干旱处理的第6天,接种组的EC、MDA含量分别比对照高20.06%、68.79%(p<0.05),而RWC、Pro含量和ASA含量分别比对照低7.03%、25.3%、77.43%(p<0.05)。此外,接种组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性均于处理的第4天开始显著低于对照;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性也于处理的第6天下降并显著低于对照,为对照的79.79%(p<0.01)。表明链格孢菌会降低干旱胁迫下白车轴草的渗透调节能力和保护酶的活性,加剧活性氧的积累和膜脂过氧化程度,使白车轴草的抗旱性降低。