浅谈我国上市公司资本结构特点及优化措施

我国上市公司资本结构的主要特点是偏好股权投资、流动负债比率偏高、债券比重小。要改变我国上市公司资本结构中呈现的重股轻债的状况,需采取优化股权结构、发展和完善债券市场、规范股市行为等措施,使我国上市公司的资本结构日趋合理。     

普鲁兰多糖基恶臭气体阻隔喷膜的制备及性能

针对存余垃圾在开挖、运输过程中释放的恶臭气体,研发一种具有阻隔功能的环保型喷膜配方。选取水溶性的高分子普鲁兰多糖作为成膜基质材料制备成喷膜溶液后,通过改变成膜基质的质量分数,添加表面活性剂、纳米功能性材料等途径进行成膜配方优化,使其在应用中快速成膜发挥阻隔作用。结果表明,质量分数为1%普鲁兰多糖、0.1%吐温80所制成的喷膜溶液,最短可在5 min内形成致密的薄膜,并且对质量浓度70 mg∙m⁻³的硫化氢 (H₂S) 和氨气 (NH₃) 的气体截留率分别达到84.73%和86.43%。在此基础上添加质量浓度0.2 mg∙L⁻¹的纳米零价铁 (nanoscale zero-valent iron, nZVI) ,喷膜溶液对相同质量浓度的H₂S气体截留率提高至91.74 %,NH₃气体截留率提高至99.08%。以上研究结果可为存余垃圾资源化利用,尤其是中途转运过程中的恶臭气体阻隔提供参考。     

Modelling the potential impacts of land use/cover change on terrestrial carbon stocks in north-west Morocco

Terrestrial ecosystems store more carbon (C) than the atmosphere and provide ecosystem services (ES) such as global climate regulation, by sequestering carbon within biomass and soil. Land use land cover (LULC) change is considered a key factor, playing an important role in the dynamic variations of carbon storage. The aim of this paper is to assess the effects that LULC has had on carbon stocks and consequently on climate change regulation in north-western Morocco over 21 years. To achieve this aim, the Integrated Valuation of ES and Trade-offs (InVEST) model is used to assess status and variation in the net amount of carbon stored by the different types of LULC, and the economic value of the carbon sequestered in the remaining stock. The results show that the total carbon stock increased from 4.81TgC in 1996 to 4.98TgC in 2017. Over the 21 years, the LULC changes had the greatest effect on carbon storage - an increase of 6.87% with 0.17TgC of carbon sequestered, since the majority of unused land was changed to forest and cultivated land. Based on the global costs of atmospheric carbon, we estimate the economic value of carbon storage services to be between US$1,800,000 and US$3,570,000 for the whole period, with an average yearly increment of between US$86,000 and US$170,000. The results show that the ecosystem management has had a substantial climate mitigation effect. Also, the possibility of paying for ES could inform policy on the adoption of LULC to support livelihood and management choices.     

Long-term forest-floor litter dynamics in Canada's boreal forest: Comparison of two model formulations

Litter decomposition is a key component in ecosystem material cycling that determines (i) forest soil carbon (C) and nutrient content, (ii) release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, and (iii) generation and mass transfer of dissolved organic carbon from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we provide simulations of long term forest-floor litter dynamics generated with both (i) an existing forest nutrient cycling and biomass growth model (ForNBM) with a single-pool formulation of forest-floor litter decomposition (Zhu et al., 2003. Ecol. Model. 169, 347-360), and (ii) a revised version of the model produced by substituting the single-pool formulation with a three-pool version of the formulation tested against data from litterbag experiments (FLDM; Zhang et al., 2010. Ecol. Model. 221, 1944-1953). This is done to determine the importance of subdividing the litter mass into categories of rates of decay (i.e., fast, slow, and very slow) on model accuracy. Forest-forest litter dynamics simulated with the two models are subsequently compared against field measurements collected at several northern jack pine (Pinus banksiana) stands along a southwest-northeast oriented transect (climate gradient) associated with the Boreal Forest Transect Case Study in northwest Canada. Initial comparison shows that the single-pool formulation underpredicts residual litter mass when forests are <65 years old, largely due to the improper treatment of the very slow decomposing litter component. This underprediction is resolved when the three-pool formulation is used. From a ecosystems-response point of view, the revised ForNBM (with the three-pool formulation) demonstrates that (i) forest-floor litter initially increases with forest growth and reaches a plateau once the forest matures; (ii) the forest floor stores more litter and C at the southern and warmer sites than at the northern sites; and (iii) in a similar climate regime, the forest floor stores more litter and C at productive than at nutrient-poor sites.     

Range‐Wide Genetic Connectivity of the Hawaiian Monk Seal and Implications for Translocation

Abstract: The Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) is one of the most critically endangered marine mammals. Less than 1200 individuals remain, and the species is declining at a rate of approximately 4% per year as a result of juvenile starvation, shark predation, and entanglement in marine debris. Some of these problems may be alleviated by translocation; however, if island breeding aggregates are effectively isolated subpopulations, moving individuals may disrupt local adaptations. In these circumstances, managers must balance the pragmatic need of increasing survival with theoretical concerns about genetic viability. To assess range‐wide population structure of the Hawaiian monk seal, we examined an unprecedented, near‐complete genetic inventory of the species (n =1897 seals, sampled over 14 years) at 18 microsatellite loci. Genetic variation was not spatially partitioned (_w=?0.03, p = 1.0), and a Bayesian clustering method provided evidence of one panmictic population (K =1). Pairwise F_ST comparisons (among 7 island aggregates over 14 annual cohorts) did not reveal temporally stable, spatial reproductive isolation. Our results coupled with long‐term tag‐resight data confirm seal movement and gene flow throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago. Thus, human‐mediated translocation of seals among locations is not likely to result in genetic incompatibilities.     

长期撂荒恢复土壤团聚体组成与有机碳分布关系

为探究撂荒地恢复过程土壤团聚体组成结构及其对土壤碳库累积的影响,本研究选取陕北黄土丘陵区恢复10、 17、 27和42 a撂荒草地为研究对象,以坡耕地FL作为对照,分析不同年限撂荒草地以及耕地土壤(0～20 cm)与(20～40 cm)土层团聚体粒径分布、土壤全土有机碳储量以及团聚体有机碳储量动态特征,从而探究撂荒地土壤团聚体与有机碳之间的相互关联性.结果表明:①耕地恢复为撂荒草地后,土壤大团聚体(2 mm)和中团聚体(2～0.25 mm)数量、平均重量直径(mean weight diameter, MWD)和几何平均直径(geometric mean diameter,GMD)随着撂荒年限显著上升,而土壤微团聚体(0.25～0.053 mm)数量显著下降(P0.05).土壤大团聚体数量、平均重量直径和几何平均直径在层次之间差异显著,表现为0～20 cm显著高于20～40 cm.②经过长期撂荒恢复后,土壤总有机碳储量、大团聚体有机碳储量以及中团聚体有机碳储量显著上升(P0.05),分别上升了1.92、 10.2和3.61倍,而微团聚体有机碳储量显著下降.撂荒恢复促使土壤碳氮化学计量比升高,但在42 a时出现了显著下降趋势.③土壤团聚体对于总有机碳储量的贡献率有80%来自大团聚体,且大团聚体数量随着恢复年限显著增加是大团聚体贡献率高的主要原因.总体而言,撂荒恢复过程中,微团聚体数量持续下降,而大团聚体数量显著增加并促进了土壤有机碳的累积.     

地表水净化过程中生产废水处理工艺参数的调整

石家庄市第八水厂采用常规净水处理工艺 ,设计规模为 30万m3 d,总生产废水为 1 0 6万m3 d ,运行中发现废水处理系统中的调节池出现大量存泥 ,既影响自身的调节功能 ,又影响整个系统的正常运行 ,本研究介绍了调整调节池中潜水泵的启停液位的解决方法 ,避免了人工停产清淤 ,使系统连续运行 ,节约了费用 ,目前 ,整个系统运行状态良好     

Methodological issues in forestry mitigation projects: a case study of Kolar district

There is a need to assess climate change mitigation opportunities in forest sector in India in the context of methodological issues such as additionality, permanence, leakage and baseline development in formulating forestry mitigation projects. A case study of forestry mitigation project in semi-arid community grazing lands and farmlands in Kolar district of Karnataka, was undertaken with regard to baseline and project scenario development, estimation of carbon stock change in the project, leakage estimation and assessment of cost-effectiveness of mitigation projects. Further, the transaction costs to develop project, and environmental and socio-economic impact of mitigation project was assessed. The study shows the feasibility of establishing baselines and project C-stock changes. Since the area has low or insignificant biomass, leakage is not an issue. The overall mitigation potential in Kolar for a total area of 14,000 ha under various mitigation options is 278,380 t C at a rate of 20 t C/ha for the period 2005–2035, which is approximately 0.67 t C/ha/year inclusive of harvest regimes under short rotation and long rotation mitigation options. The transaction cost for baseline establishment is less than a rupee/t C and for project scenario development is about Rs. 1.5–3.75/t C. The project enhances biodiversity and the socio-economic impact is also significant.

国有企业公司化的若干问题探讨

本文全面分析了国企公司制改革面临的来自市场和政府的双重性困难,批判了国有企业改革对解决政企不分、所有权人缺位等问题的不彻底性,指出国有企业改革应合理界定公司化与民营化的范围,并对公司化范围内的国企改造提出了相应对策。     

The State of Food Resources and Reproductive Success of Tufted and Horned Puffins in the Northern Sea of Okhotsk

Studies on the reproductive biology of seabirds on Talan and Umara islands in 1987–1999 showed that the diet of nestlings and reproductive success of the tufted puffin (Lunda cirrhata) and horned puffin (Fratercula corniculata) considerably varied in different colonies. This was determined by differences in the hydrologic characteristics of water areas and the state of food resources in Taui Bay (the northern Sea of Okhotsk). The reproductive success of tufted puffins was higher on Umara Island due to more favorable environmental conditions and relatively stable food resources in Odyan Bay. The parameters of reproductive success and the nestling diet in tufted and horned puffins from Talan Island differed considerably. The survival of nestlings was always higher in horned puffins, which was related to some characteristics of their feeding ecology.