基于AHP的野战弹药防护效果评价

提供了一套完整的基于层次分析法对野战弹药防护效果进行综合评价的方法.通过建立递阶层次结构模型、构造判断矩阵、权重计算及一致性检验,把一系列因素进行了定量化处理.采用评分矩阵和权重向量来确定综合评价结果,并以数值形式给出,既满足了评价指标的全面性要求,又使结果具有一定的科学性.     

市场经济条件下珍贵可再生资源之灭绝探析

关于因人类耗用行为而导致可再生资源灭绝的理论研究,应该以个体理性下的短期利益最大化为假定。通过构建此类模型,对珍贵可再生自然资源的灭绝问题进行了探讨。可再生资源的再生速度起初随着资源存量的减少而增大,后来又随着资源存量的减少而减小。据此建立再生速度(〖WTBX〗V〖WTBZ〗1)函数。在假定资源消耗满足边际产出递减规律的基础上,建立消耗资源的总成本(〖WTBX〗C〖WTBZ〗)函数;由不可替代性、无法人为增加供给这两个特点出发,对珍贵可再生资源的概念进行了界定,并构造其价格(〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗)函数。由〖WTBX〗C〖WTBZ〗和〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗函数,可以推导出市场经济条件下、资源消耗主体利润最大化时的珍贵可再生资源的消耗速度(〖WTBX〗V〖WTBZ〗2*)函数。然后,通过〖WTBX〗V〖WTBZ〗1与〖WTBZ〗V〖WTBZ〗2*函数的对比讨论,对珍贵可再生资源的灭绝做出理论解释。最后,从模型出发,有针对性地提出了应对措施。并特别指出,如果政府能完全控制资源的消耗,则不但能防止资源灭绝,还可以使人们长久地获取更多的资源;技术是解决灭绝问题的根本出路。〖     

广州地铁二号线列车控制系统的设计

从用户的角度，介绍了广州地铁二号线列车控制系统的技术参数，特点及其性能，并对其在一号线列车控制基础上所做的改进进行了说明.     

论养殖业发展与兽医行业新观念的关系

养殖业的发展,对兽医这一行业提出了不同于过去的要求.兽医从业人员应当对自身在职业观念作出重新认识,同时在工作重点进行调整,以适应畜牧业发展的需要.本文就这一问题进行了分析研究.     

水污染对扬州市水资源存量的影响评价

将水资源分成水资源的流量和存量两部分，估算了扬州市的水资源存量，提出了评价水污染对水资源存量影响的评价方法，并利用这种方法对扬州市水污染对水资源存量的影响进行了评价，得出了扬州市的水资源存量不足，而水污染又对水资源存量产生了较大的影响的结论。     

高炉单元非工艺除尘改造工程实例

介绍了某钢铁企业高炉单元出铁场、矿槽及上料系统除尘改造的工程实例。封闭出铁场并增设屋顶除尘,控制无组织排放。优化设计除尘点、除尘罩和管道以改善除尘效果。通过升级原有布袋除尘器,改造原电除尘器为脉冲布袋除尘器,增设上料及槽上除尘系统,完成除尘改造工程。采用气力输送方式将各除尘系统灰集中到一个灰仓后再外运处理,减少二次扬尘。改造后该单元范围内有组织及无组织排放均达到国家最新标准,为今后相似工程提供了经验。     

Effect of Subjective and Objective Workload on Asthenopia at VDU Workplaces

An ergophthalmological tool has been developed to investigate effects of subjective and objective workload on work-related visual complaints (asthenopia). In field studies on different visual display unit (VDU) workplaces effects of objective and subjective workload, work intensity, and work breaks (5-9 min/hour) could be found. It could be shown that during the first hours of VDU work, asthenopic complaints have the tendency to follow effective workload. With increasing working time the effect of a general and visual fatigue overlaps other reported visual complaints in the majority of cases.     

故障模式影响分析法在弹药安全性失效分析中的应用

为找出某122 mm加农炮爆破榴弹膛炸和某105 mm无坐力炮破甲弹早发火的原因,采用故障模式影响分析法进行失效分析.结果表明,装药存在空洞是造成该膛炸的根本原因.通过分析造成该122 mm加农炮爆破榴弹的膛炸机理和半爆机理,制定了避免卡壳弹流入生产线、对装药弹体进行X光透视检查等应对措施;早发火是由于发射药被烘燃和明火点燃造成的.根据造成该105 mm无坐力炮破甲弹早发火的机理分析,制定的应对措施是进一步改善塑料袋的高温燃烧性能,使之在发射后不留下残片和底座套管,进一步比较了塑料布和牛皮纸在无坐力炮药筒装药上的燃烧性能,选取了最优方案.     

Long-term dynamics of terrestrial carbon stocks in Austria: a comprehensive assessment of the time period from 1830 to 2000

This article presents a comprehensive data set on Austria’s terrestrial carbon stocks from the beginnings of industrialization in the year 1830 to the present. It is based on extensive historical and recent land use and forestry data derived from primary sources (cadastral surveys) for the early nineteenth century, official statistics available for later parts of the nineteenth century as well as the twentieth century, and forest inventory data covering the second half of the twentieth century. Total carbon stocks—i.e. aboveground and belowground standing crop and soil organic carbon—are calculated for the entire period and compared to those of potential vegetation. Results suggest that carbon stocks were roughly constant from 1830 to 1880 and have grown considerably from 1880 to 2000, implying that Austria’s vegetation has acted as a carbon sink since the late nineteenth century. Carbon stocks increased by 20% from approximately 1.0 GtC in 1830 and 1880 to approximately 1.2 GtC in the year 2000, a value still much lower than the amount of carbon terrestrial ecosystems are expected to contain in the absence of land use: According to calculations presented in this article, potential vegetation would contain some 2.0 GtC or 162% of the present terrestrial carbon stock, suggesting that the recent carbon sink results from a recovery of biota from intensive use in the past. These findings are in line with the forest transition hypothesis which claims that forest areas are growing in industrialized countries. Growth in forest area and rising carbon stocks per unit area of forests both contribute to the carbon sink. We discuss the hypothesis that the carbon sink is mainly caused by the shift from area-dependent energy sources (biomass) in agrarian societies to the largely area-independent energy system of industrial societies based above all on fossil fuels.     

弹药集装单元动力学试验研究

弹药集装单元是一种新型的弹药保障载具,没有具体的力学试验标准。通过研究弹药保障流程中的装卸与公路运输环境,分析可能出现的振动与冲击效应,参考相关弹药包装试验规程和试验方法,对弹药集装单元进行了相关动力学试验,进而评估弹药集装单元的力学性能,并证明弹药集装单元的设计可以满足弹药集装化保障的强度需求。