不同条件下水杨酸对蚕豆气孔开度的影响

水杨酸（ＳＡ）被认为是一种在植物体内广泛存在的新的植物生长调节物质［１］,能够调节植物体内的许多生理过程,如产热、开花、性别分化、离子吸收、乙烯的合成、气孔开闭等等,并与植物的抗病性密切相关,可能作为植物的防御信号［２］．有报道,蚕豆表皮条细胞对ＳＡ高度敏感,１０－６ｍｏｌＬ－１ＳＡ就可使气孔关闭［３］,ＳＡ能降低菜豆和鸭趾草的蒸腾［４］,但也有ＳＡ逆转ＡＢＡ诱导的气孔关闭的报道［５］．因此,有必要对ＳＡ和气孔运动的关系进行研究,以探索ＳＡ是否作为一种信号,参与对气孔运动的调节,进而影响其他生理…     

内循环颗粒污泥床硝化反应器流体力学特征研究

对内循环颗粒污泥床硝化反应器中的气含率和液体运动速率进行了试验研究 ,建立了分别基于流体力学平衡原理及反应器能量输入与消耗平衡方程的气含率和液体运动速率的机理性数学模型 .根据试验数据 ,在相对误差分别为 4 78%和6 5 3%的情况下对上述模型进行了参数估计 .在实际运行中 ,通过所建模型对反应器中的气含率和液体运动速率进行有效调控 ,可实现反应器的高效稳定运行.     

火灾情况下竖井中性面多区域模型

建立了竖井侧向连续开缝和竖井侧向连续开缝及上部开口两种情况下竖井中性面位置的多区域模型,并根据火灾情况下竖井内温度的分布规律对多区域模型进行了简化。根据竖井内温度竖向分布,将竖井划分为多个区域,在Klote模型的基础上推导出竖井中性面高度。通过CFD数值模拟,将Klote模型、双区域模型及多区域模型与模拟结果进行对比,结果可知多区域模型误差最小。     

重庆祺龙村垃圾填埋场渗滤液污染特性

针对重庆祺龙村垃圾填埋场特有的水文地质条件建立相应的数学模型,确定模型的初始条件和边界条件,并进行区域离散.采用已建立的数学模型模拟有监测资料时段的渗滤液ρ(COD_Cr)和地下水水位,并把模拟值与实测值进行对比,校正模型;当模拟值与实测值较接近时,得到比较符合客观实际的数学模型.最后采用已验证的符合客观实际的数学模型,定量模拟和分析了垃圾填埋场场内、外,南、北边,以及两侧渗滤液ρ(COD_Cr)的变化,从而得到祺龙村垃圾填埋场渗滤液的污染特性.结果表明:填埋场内渗滤液污染最大,其次是南边部位,之后依次是第四纪松散堆积层,砂岩、泥岩分布区;断层是渗滤液污染物运移的通道,在其他条件相同的情况下,断层通过处及其附近污染程度大.      

三江平原典型小叶章湿地土壤中硝态氮水平运移的模拟研究

选择三江平原小叶章湿地不同水分带上草甸沼泽土和腐殖质沼泽土2种土壤类型作为研究对象,以KNO3为示踪剂,模拟研究硝态氮在湿地土壤中的水平运移过程。结果表明,2种土壤各土层硝态氮水平运移浓度和速率均与运移距离呈极显著负相关（P〈0．01）,并随运移距离增加呈一阶指数衰减曲线变化,各土层硝态氮水平运移速率主要受浓度梯度、水势梯度及土壤基质势的控制;土壤各土层中硝态氮水平运移速率与土壤含水量呈显著正相关（P〈0．05）,并随土壤含水量增加呈指数增长曲线变化;土壤各土层中硝态氮水平运移浓度与土壤水分扩散率呈极显著正相关（P〈0．01）,0—20cm土层硝态氮水平运移浓度随水分扩散率升高呈Boltzmann曲线变化,其他土层则呈指数增长曲线变化;草甸沼泽土比腐殖质沼泽土相应土层更利于硝态氮的水平运移,这主要与土层颗粒组成和孔隙度等物理性质的显著差异有关,而湿地水文条件可能对2种土壤物理性质的塑造有着重要影响。     

电梯轿厢意外移动保护装置检验的研究

为厘清制造单位和检验机构对轿厢意外移动保护装置的认识,达到降低生产成本,提高检验质量的目的,本文从轿厢意外移动保护装置的组成和各子系统的作用,结合《电梯制造与安装安全规范》国家标准第1号修改单(GB 7588-2003/XG1-2015)对轿厢意外移动保护装置的要求,按轿厢意外移动保护装置子系统的组合分成3类电梯,并根据电梯类型提出合理的检验方法,研究结果表明:使用非驱动主机制动器做制停子系统的电梯,需要检验与检测子系统和制停子系统相关的项目;使用驱动主机制动器做制停子系统的电梯,需要检验与检测子系统、制停子系统和自监测子系统相关的项目;不需要检测轿厢意外移动的电梯,需要检验与制停子系统和自监测子系统相关的项目.     

青藏高原东缘的隆升及其水系的响应

本文基于ASTER GDEM数据,采用简单数学函数拟合龙门山地区15条河流的河流纵剖面形态,并结合基岩水力侵蚀模型来分析龙门山不同段落的地形形态特征。初步获得以下几点认识:(1)通过对龙门山地区河流纵剖面的分析,龙门山整体上具有较强的隆升速率,导致这一地区强烈的河流侵蚀作用;(2)龙门山中段和南段的河流双对数图以上凸型为主,说明该区域未达到均衡状态,处于前均衡期;(3)龙门山北段的河流双对数图呈直线形态,说明该区域达到均衡状态,处于均衡期;(4)龙门山中段和南段具有更强的构造活动性、更高的隆升速率,控制了该地区地貌、水系演化过程,并且导致这一地区容易发生地质灾害。     

The influence of neighborhood traffic density on the respiratory health of elementary schoolchildren

Background

Several studies have found that living near major roadways is associated with an increase in respiratory illness but few studies have measured the volume and type of traffic.

Objective

We investigated the relation between traffic volume and respiratory health of 2328 children 9 to 11 years old in the city of Windsor, Canada.

Methods

We identified the roadways within a 200 meter radius of the child's neighborhood using the latitude and longitude of the residential postal code. Traffic exposure was defined as the sum of the annual volume of vehicles on all of these roadways. Volume was calculated using sensors to detect passing vehicles (simple traffic counts), and by counts and direction of traffic at intersections (turning movement counts). Ventilatory lung function was measured by spirometry and airway inflammation by exhaled nitric oxide (eNO).

Results

The odds ratio between an interquartile increase in truck turning movement counts and chest congestion was 1.20 (1.06-1.35). The percentage of predicted FVC declined 0.68%, (95% CI 1.32, 0.03) for an interquartile increase in simple traffic counts (33,787 vehicles daily). Among those with self-reported asthma, effect sizes were larger. Percentage predicted FEV₁ declined 1.84% (95% CI 0.07, 3.61) associated with an interquartile range increase in turning movement counts. No statistically significant change was detected between traffic measures and exhaled nitric oxide.

Conclusions

Our findings provide further support for the hypothesis that neighborhood exposure to traffic-related air pollution increases respiratory symptoms and reduces ventilatory function in children, especially those with self-reported asthma.     

Pseudomonas fluorescens Dynamics in the Soil Surface to Subsurface Transect

Microbial displacement in the soil is an important process for bioremediation and dispersal of wastewater pathogens. We evaluated cell movement in surface and subsurface red-yellow podzolic soil driven by advection and microbial motility and also survival of a microbial population at high pressure as is prevalent in deep soil layers. Pseudomonas fluorescens Br 12, resistant to rifampycin and kanamycin, was used as a model organism traceable in non-sterile soil. Our results showed that more than 40% of the P. fluorescens population survived under high pressure, and that microbial motility was not a major factor for its displacement in the soil. Cells were adsorbed in similar amounts to surface and subsurface soils, but more viable cells were present in the leachate of surface than in subsurface soils. The nature of this unexpected cell binding to the subsurface soil was studied by EPR, Mossbauer, NMR, and infrared techniques, suggesting iron had a weak interaction with microbes in soil. P. fluorescens movement in soil resulted mainly from convection forces rather than microbial motility. The transport of this bacterium along the transept toward groundwater encountered restricted viability, although it survived under high pressure conditions simulating those in deep soil layers.     

Growth and photosynthetic responses to copper in wild grapevine

The present study evaluates the tolerance and accumulation potential of Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris under moderate and high external Cu levels. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effects of a range of external Cu concentrations (0–23 mmol L⁻¹) on growth and photosynthetic performance by measuring gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic pigments. We also measured the total copper, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium and sodium concentrations in the plant tissues. All the experimental plants survived even with external Cu concentrations as high as 23 mmol L⁻¹ (1500 mg Cu L⁻¹), although the excess of metal resulted in a biomass reduction of 35%. The effects of Cu on growth were linked to a reduction in net photosynthesis, which may be related to the effect of the high concentration of the metal on photosynthetic electron transport. V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris survived with leaf Cu concentrations as high as 80 mg kg⁻¹ DW and growth parameters were unaffected by leaf tissue concentrations of 35 mg Cu kg⁻¹ DW. The results of our study indicate that plants of V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris from the studied population are more tolerant to Cu than the commercial varieties of grapevine that have been studied in the literature, and could constitute a basis for the genetic improvement of Cu tolerance in grapevine.