热空气处理对荔枝生理特性和贮藏效果的影响

以黑叶荔枝为材料,以成熟季节的大气平均温度[θ=(30±1.5)℃]为基础,研究35℃、38℃热空气分别处理6 h、12 h和24 h对果实生理特性与贮藏效果的影响.与CK相比,温度升幅增大或处理时间延长,显著提高果皮多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、果皮过氧化物酶(POD)活性、果实呼吸速率、果皮丙二醛(MDA)含量和果皮质膜相对透性,显著降低果肉可溶性固形物(SS)含量、果肉可滴定酸(TA)含量、果皮花色素苷含量和好果率.POD活性和MDA含量可作为果实生理活性的指标.图6表2参10     

The Contribution of Drinking Water towards Dental Fluorosis: A case study of Njoro Division, Nakuru District, Kenya

This study was carried out to measure the fluoride levels of water consumed in the Njoro division of Nakuru district, Kenya. The sources of drinking water, methods of water storage and utilisation, as well as the perceptions of the local community towards dental fluorosis and the percentage of children with moderate to severe dental fluorosis were also determined. Rainwater had mean fluoride levels of 0.5 mg L^-1, dams 2.4 mg L^-1, wells 4.1 mg L^-1, springs 5.5 mg L^-1, and boreholes 6.6 mg L^-1. Water stored in plastic and cement containers did not show appreciable reduction in fluoride content with storage time; water stored in metal containers reduced fluoride by up to 8.2%; water stored in clay pots had the highest reduction in fluoride content, ranging between 34.3 and 64.7%;. Forty eight point three percent of children observed in the area had moderate to severe dental fluorosis, even though most people in the area did not know the cause of the problem.There is need to educate the community on the causes of fluorosis, and to lay strategies for addressing the issue, such as encouraging more rainwater harvesting, treating drinking water with alum, or using clay pots for storage of drinking water.     

栽培水分对采摘后油菜硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐含量的影响

采用盆栽方法栽培油菜(Brassicaca mpestrisL.),研究了灌水水平对采摘后油菜植株体硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐含量随时间变化的影响。共设高(灌水控制上限为田间持水量)、中(灌水控制上限为田间持水量的75%)和低(灌水控制上限为田间持水量的50%)3个灌水水平。油菜采摘后恒温贮存,定期测定油菜植株体内硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量。研究结果表明:不同灌水水平和贮存时间以及两者的交互作用都能显著地影响油菜植株体硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量;在采摘后的8d时间里,低灌水水平处理(0.50θf处理)的油菜植株体硝酸盐含量一直高于其它两处理;采摘后当天测定高灌水水平处理(1.00θf处理)的油菜植株体硝酸盐含量最低,以后则以中等灌水水平处理(0.75θf处理)的油菜植株体硝酸盐含量为最低。采摘后当天测定油菜植株体亚硝酸盐含量,亦以高灌水水平处理(1.00θf处理)为最低。采摘后油菜植株体硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量都经历一个先降低、后升高、再降低的变化过程。因此,从对人体健康及卫生的角度出发,以较高灌水水平栽培油菜,采摘后在一两天内食用,有利于将其硝酸盐和亚硝酸含量控制在较低水平。     

Methane emissions of differently fed dairy cows and corresponding methane and nitrogen emissions from their manure during storage

This study investigated the effects of supplementing 40 g lauric acid (C₁₂) kg^-1 dry matter (DM) in feed on methane emissions from early-lactating dairy cows and the associated effects on methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia release from the manure during storage. Stearic acid (C₁₈), a fatty acid without assumed methane-suppressing potential in the digestive tract of ruminants, was added at 40 g kg^-1 DM to a control diet. The complete feed consisted of forage and concentrate in a ratio of 1.5:1 (DM basis). The manure was stored for 14 weeks either as complete slurry or, separately, as urine-rich slurry and farmyard manure representing two common storage systems. Methane release of the cows, as measured in respiratory chambers, was lower with C₁₂ by about 20%, but this was mostly resulting from a reduced feed intake and, partly, from a lower rate of fibre digestion. As milk yield declined less than feed intake, methane emission per kg of milk was significantly lower with C₁₂ (11.4 g) than with C₁₈ (14.0 g). Faeces of C₁₂-fed cows had a higher proportion of undigested fibre and accordingly methane release from their manure was higher compared with the manure obtained from the C₁₈-fed cows. Overall, manure-derived methane accounted for8.2% and 15.4% of total methane after 7 and 14 weeks of storage, respectively. The evolution of methane widely differed between manure types and dietary treatments, with a retarded onset of release in complete slurry particularly in the C₁₂ treatment. Emissions of nitrous oxide were lower in the manures from the C₁₂ treatment. This partially compensated for the higher methane release from the C₁₂ manure with respect to the greenhouse gas potential. The total greenhouse gas potential (cow and manure together) accounted for 8.7 and 10.5 kg equivalents of CO₂ cow^-1 d^-1with C₁₂ and C₁₈, respectively. At unaffected urine-N proportion ammonia and total nitrogen losses from stored manure were lower with C₁₂ than with C₁₈ corresponding to the differences in feed and nitrogen intake. The present results suggest that manure storage significantly contributes to total methane emission from dairy husbandry, and that the identification of effective dietary mitigation strategies has to consider both the digestive tract of the animals and the corresponding manure.     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液回灌调蓄池的容量设计方法

根据垃圾填埋场渗滤液回灌处理的特点 ,提出了调蓄水池容量的计算方法。对渗滤液调蓄水池设计中应注意的问题进行了讨论     

我校图书馆自动化建设的实践与思考

本文简述了我校图书馆自动化建设的历史进程,分析了图书馆自动化建设的现状、达到的效果和尚存在的问题,并针对这些问题,提出了相应的改进措施。     

Prenatal diagnosis and confirmation of infantile sialic acid storage disease

Amniocentesis was performed in a pregnancy at risk for infantile sialic acid storage disease. Greatly elevated levels of free sialic acid were found in cell-free amniotic fluid as well as in cultured amniotic cells from the fetus at risk. After incubation of the cultured amniocytes with fetuin labelled in its sialic acid moiety, pulse and chase experiments respectively showed accumulation and impaired release of TCA-soluble radioactive material in the amniotic cells at risk. These data thus clearly indicated that the fetus was affected. After pregnancy termination, ultrastructural studies of fetal organs and placenta showed a generalized storage picture characterized by clear membrane-bound inclusions. The diagnosis was further confirmed by the finding of greatly increased amounts of free sialic acid in fetal organs and cultured fibroblasts.     

库区蓄水后大宁河神女溪富营养化调查与评价

2003年9月至2004年8月分别对大宁河与神女溪回水段水体进行了富营养化调查和监测,监测项目SD、TN、TP、CODMn和chla。并运用综合营养状态指数法对监测结果进行了评价与分析,结果表明三峡蓄水为富营养化的发生提供了更有利的条件,在可预测的未来,富营养化有加重的可能。     

Comparative studies on utilizing nitrogen capacity between two macroalgae Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui (rhodophyta) and Ulva pertusa (chlorophyta). I. Nitrogen storage under nitrogen enrichment and starvation

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｗｉｄｅｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎｏｆｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｍａｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｈａｓｏｆｔｅｎｂｅｅｎａｃｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｄｂｙｄｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｎａｔｕｒａｌｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｎｄｃａｕｓｅｓｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｏｆｗａｔｅｒｑｕａｌｉｔｙ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｎｔｕｒｎｌｉｍｉｔｓｉｔｓｏｗｎｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ (Ｃｏｈｅｎ ,1991;Ｔｒｏｅｌｌ,1997;Ｎａｙｌｏｒ,1998) .Ａｍｍｏｎｉａｉｓａｍａｊｏｒｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｏｆｔｈｅａｑｕａｔｉｃａｎｉｍａｌｍｅ…     

Public acceptance and risk-benefit perception of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> geological storage for global warming mitigation in Japan

CO₂ geological storage will be one of the cost-effective options for global warming mitigation, and this technology is under development widely in the world. However, the technology may face the challenge of public acceptance before its implementation. In order to evaluate the public acceptance, questionnaire surveys were conducted among Japanese university students. A cognitive map of geological storage, together with other major global warming mitigation options, everyday life activities, etc., was constructed by means of a statistical analysis of the responses to the questionnaire. The risk-benefit cognitive map consists of the following factors: “risk perception,” “benefit perception,” and “public acceptance.” The risk perception is further disaggregated into “dread risk” and “unknown risk.” Additionally, a second survey was conducted after providing the students with additional information on global warming and CO₂ geological storage, and the effects of the information on their perceptions were evaluated. The effects of risk and benefit perceptions on public acceptance were evaluated and discussed based on the cognitive maps representing the perceptions before and after providing the information. The analyses revealed that the benefit perception was more influential than the risk perception on the public acceptance of CO₂ geological storage. The benefit perception increased greatly after providing the information; however, the unknown risk remained considerably large. Further, RD&D relating unknown risk, for example, the monitoring technology for stored CO₂ and the risk assessment of CO₂ leakage, and the supply of related information to the public would be beneficial for increasing the public acceptance.