制导弹药火工品单应力水平加速寿命试验研究

准确判定火工品的剩余寿命,对制导弹药维修工作至关重要。从制导弹药储存的实际情况出发,阐述了适时对火工品实施加速寿命试验的必要性,分析了加速寿命试验中的加速应力、寿命分布、加速系数、应力水平和试验时间,最后结合火工品具有一定储存期和试验为单一应力水平的特点,从不同角度对试验数据处理进行了探讨,从而得出了更为准确的试验结果。     

Methane emissions during storage of different treatments from cattle manure in Tianjin

Many studies on methane emissions from animal manure have revealed that animal manure is a major source of methane emissions to the atmosphere that can have negative consequences for people,animals and environment.In general,the release of methane can be influenced by the type of feed taken by animals,temperature,manure characteristics and so on.This study aimed at quantifying and comparing methane release from dairy manure with different piling treatments.Four treatments were designed including manure piling height 30,45,60 cm and adding 6 cm manure every day until the piling height was 60 cm.Static chamber method and gas chromatography were adopted to measure the methane emissions from April to June in 2009.Methane emission rates of all four manure treatments were low in the first week and then increased sharply until reaching the peak values.Subsequently,all the methane emission rates decreased and fluctuated within the steady range till the end of the experiment.Wilcoxon nonparametric tests analysis indicated that methane emission rate was greatly influenced by manure piling height and manner.There were no significant relationships between methane emission rates and the temperatures of ambience and heap.However,regression analysis showed that the quadratic equations were found between emission rates of all treatments and the gas temperature in the barrels.     

热重点斜法快速评估氟硅橡胶贮存寿命

阐述了热重点斜法（TPS）的基本原理。利用热重分析法求算出氟硅橡胶的功能性活化能E,同时开展373.15 K下热空气老化试验,然后参照JB/T 1544-1999计算氟硅橡胶贮存寿命,并对热重点斜法提出了分析和讨论。     

调蓄池在排水系统中的研究进展

城市排水系统是城市非常重要的一个组成部分。中国大部分城市的旧城区采用的是合流制排水系统,新建区域则多规划采用分流制排水系统,调蓄池在各排水系统中起着重要的作用。本文探讨了调蓄池在国内外的发展、调蓄池的功能及设计方法,并介绍了中国调蓄池的研究及应用状况,指出调蓄池可有效削减排水系统雨季污水排放量,并改善排放水质,从而改善了城市水体环境。文章最后对调蓄池的未来研究方向进行了展望。     

贮油罐区防火水幕模拟实验研究

本文通过对贮油罐区防火水幕冷态和模拟实验数据的分析比较,讨论了设计防火隔热水幕的形式方式,水幕喷头的结构选型等重要参数。     

Sensitivity of protective barrier performance to changes in rainfall rate

Single- or multi-layered surface barriers are used for protecting the underlying hazardous or radioactive waste storage facility and for reducing the risk of dispersion of contaminants to the ground water. To assess the effect of variations in net rainfall rate (total rainfall minus evapotranspiration) on the hydraulic response of a multi-layered barrier, a series of flow simulations were performed. Water fluxes in different layers of the barrier were numerically calculated for three net rainfall rates, i.e. 0.0255, 0.0742, and 0.141 cm/day. These rates correspond to dry, average, and wet climatological conditions in Belgium. Results show that for dry conditions, almost 45% of the water infiltrating the top of the barrier is laterally evacuated. When the net rainfall rate increases from 0.0255 to 0.0742 cm/day, more water is being laterally diverted, and only 22% of the applied rainfall percolates through the barrier. If the rainfall rate is increased from 0.0255 to 0.141 cm/day, the percolation becomes 14% of the applied rainfall. This indicates that fluxes leaving the bottom of the repository increase only slightly, although the rainfall rate for wet conditions is approximately 5 times larger than for dry conditions. Under dry conditions a slightly negative pressure develops in the bottom of the low-permeability clay layer. However, this desaturation does not affect the integrity of the clay.     

雷静电作用下储气库安全危害分析

为保障能源储备安全,探究雷电和静电对储气库安全的影响。根据雷电和静电理论,构建储气库雷静电概率模型,分析雷静电对储气库的影响。考虑天然气扩散的特殊性,选取高斯烟羽模型预测气体扩散范围,并结合闪火后果准则对闪火危害范围进行分析,构建CCPS-BST模型对爆炸危害范围预测,分析风速及大气稳定度对三种危害后果的影响。结果表明,雷静电会增加储气库泄漏后发生闪火和爆炸的概率,气体扩散范围和闪火后果沿主导风向呈梭形分布,蒸气云爆炸后果由中心向四周扩散,三种危害范围都与风速和大气稳定度呈相反的变化。研究结果可为多因素下储气库安全分析研究提供参考,为降低灾害后果和维护储气库的日常安全提供了理论依据。     

铁屑微电解法处理蓄电池生产中含铅酸废水

介绍铁屑微电解法处理蓄电池含铅废酸水的新工艺,经运行实践表明,该工艺对处理含铅废酸水,具有工艺简单可靠,处理稳定效率高,针对性强,经济效益明显,排放水水质达国家废水排放标准。     

Network calculations and ascendency based on eco-exergy

Ascendency is an index of activity and organization in living systems calculated in terms of flows. The concern here is with how that quantity behaves when the flows in question are measured in terms of eco-exergy. The storage of eco-exergy has served as a goal function in assessing parameter values for structurally dynamic models, but network magnitudes and topologies can change in response to significant changes in the forcing functions. As storages are relatively insensitive to such changes, it is advisable in such cases to explore how changes in a flow variable, like ascendency, might capture network adaptations. It happens that changes in ascendency calculated in terms of flows of simple energy are small in comparison to corresponding variations in the storages of eco-exergy. But when ascendency is reckoned in terms of flows of eco-exergy, its changes in response to network changes are more comparable to those in the storages. Ascendency seems to be more sensitive to changes in flow topology, however, so that a combination of eco-exergy storage and eco-exergy ascendency would probably be most appropriate for situations where changes in flow topology are significant.     

碳捕获与油藏封存CO_2气源途径经济性比较方法

气源是影响碳捕获与封存技术推广的关键因素之一。以CO2气藏、含CO2天然气藏和高能耗企业废气三种气源途径为对象,研究了气源途径的经济性比较方法,构建了P1、P2指标及其计算模型,并对模型中经济要素在不同气源途径下的构成和计算方法进行分析。最后采用上述方法对中国现运行的三个捕集示范项目进行了实例验证。该研究的方法可以为CO2-EOR项目气源途径选择决策提供指导。