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781.
Hironobu Sugiyama Mutsumi Kadoya Akihiro Nagai Kevin Lansey 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(5):1147-1157
The storage function model is a nonlinear rainfall-runoff model that has been developed for and applied to flood runoff analysis in Japan. This paper extends the model applicability by developing practical equations for estimating model parameters which are appropriate on a regional basis, i.e., so-called regional equations. Previously, the parameters were computed from historical data for a specific basin or from relationships that do not account for land use and topography. To develop the regionalized equations, model parameters were identified for 91 flood events from 22 watersheds in Japan by applying a mathematical optimization technique. Results from 39 of these events were statistically compared and regional relationships were determined as a function of land use, basin area and rainfall intensity. The utility of the estimated equations were tested by computing runoff hydrographs for lumped basins. The estimated parameters were also applied in a distributed watershed model formulation. Both applications showed acceptable results that validate the use of the regionalized relationships. 相似文献
782.
783.
ABA对米槠和格氏栲种子发育的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
郑郁善 《应用与环境生物学报》1999,5(5):444-449
采用酶联免疫分析法(ELISA) 提取和测定米槠和格氏栲发育过程中果实内ABA含量,并用不同浓度ABA喂养,测定果实不同发育期对外源ABA的敏感性.用放射性同位素法测定ABA对贮藏蛋白质的积累作用,结果表明:在米槠和格氏栲种子发育过程中内源ABA 含量逐渐上升,两者均在10 月5 日达到峰值,米槠为1648 ngg,格氏栲为1 468 ngg,随后ABA含量均逐渐下降.果实成熟采收时,c(ABA) 仅为高峰时的19.随着果实的发育对外加ABA的敏感性逐渐变小,c(ABA)=10-4 molL-1 可以完全抑制10 月25 日( 米槠) 和10 月15 日( 格氏栲) 前种子发芽,但对完全成熟的种子c(ABA)=10-2 molL-1 亦不能抑制发芽.ABA 对成熟前期胚的贮藏蛋白质合成无影响,但能促进成熟中后期胚的贮藏蛋白质的积累作用,ABA维持米槠和格氏栲贮藏蛋白质合成和积累作用表现在转录水平上. 相似文献
784.
785.
786.
赵莹 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2008,18(1):66-67
伴随着会计电算化工作在我国各企、事业单位中的普遍深入,会计电算化档案的管理工作面临着新的创新与发展.通过对会计电算化档案特点进行分析,介绍了在会计电算化环境下会计档案脱离于原计算机系统的收集方法、不同的信息载体存储介质及计算机软硬件环境下管理与保存、软件系统版本的不断升级对电算化会计档案的调阅利用. 相似文献
787.
Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) involves the capture of CO2 at a large industrial facility, such as a power plant, and its transport to a geological (or other) storage site where CO2 is sequestered. Previous work has identified pipeline transport of liquid CO2 as the most economical method of transport for large volumes of CO2. However, there is little published work on the economics of CO2 pipeline transport. The objective of this paper is to estimate total cost and the cost per tonne of transporting varying amounts of CO2 over a range of distances for different regions of the continental United States. An engineering-economic model of pipeline CO2 transport is developed for this purpose. The model incorporates a probabilistic analysis capability that can be used to quantify the sensitivity of transport cost to variability and uncertainty in the model input parameters. The results of a case study show a pipeline cost of US$ 1.16 per tonne of CO2 transported for a 100 km pipeline constructed in the Midwest handling 5 million tonnes of CO2 per year (the approximate output of an 800 MW coal-fired power plant with carbon capture). For the same set of assumptions, the cost of transport is US$ 0.39 per tonne lower in the Central US and US$ 0.20 per tonne higher in the Northeast US. Costs are sensitive to the design capacity of the pipeline and the pipeline length. For example, decreasing the design capacity of the Midwest US pipeline to 2 million tonnes per year increases the cost to US$ 2.23 per tonne of CO2 for a 100 km pipeline, and US$ 4.06 per tonne CO2 for a 200 km pipeline. An illustrative probabilistic analysis assigns uncertainty distributions to the pipeline capacity factor, pipeline inlet pressure, capital recovery factor, annual O&M cost, and escalation factors for capital cost components. The result indicates a 90% probability that the cost per tonne of CO2 is between US$ 1.03 and US$ 2.63 per tonne of CO2 transported in the Midwest US. In this case, the transport cost is shown to be most sensitive to the pipeline capacity factor and the capital recovery factor. The analytical model elaborated in this paper can be used to estimate pipeline costs for a broad range of potential CCS projects. It can also be used in conjunction with models producing more detailed estimates for specific projects, which requires substantially more information on site-specific factors affecting pipeline routing. 相似文献
788.
Joris Koornneef Tim van Keulen Andr Faaij Wim Turkenburg 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2008,2(4):448
In this study the methodology of life cycle assessment has been used to assess the environmental impacts of three pulverized coal fired electricity supply chains with and without carbon capture and storage (CCS) on a cradle to grave basis. The chain with CCS comprises post-combustion CO2 capture with monoethanolamine, compression, transport by pipeline and storage in a geological reservoir. The two reference chains represent sub-critical and state-of-the-art ultra supercritical pulverized coal fired electricity generation. For the three chains we have constructed a detailed greenhouse gas (GHG) balance, and disclosed environmental trade-offs and co-benefits due to CO2 capture, transport and storage. Results show that, due to CCS, the GHG emissions per kWh are reduced substantially to 243 g/kWh. This is a reduction of 78 and 71% compared to the sub-critical and state-of-the-art power plant, respectively. The removal of CO2 is partially offset by increased GHG emissions in up- and downstream processes, to a small extent (0.7 g/kWh) caused by the CCS infrastructure. An environmental co-benefit is expected following from the deeper reduction of hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride emissions. Most notable environmental trade-offs are the increase in human toxicity, ozone layer depletion and fresh water ecotoxicity potential for which the CCS chain is outperformed by both other chains. The state-of-the-art power plant without CCS also shows a better score for the eutrophication, acidification and photochemical oxidation potential despite the deeper reduction of SOx and NOx in the CCS power plant. These reductions are offset by increased emissions in the life cycle due to the energy penalty and a factor five increase in NH3 emissions. 相似文献
789.
After flooding, iron reduction in riverine wetlands may cause the release of large quantities of phosphorus. As phosphorus is an important nutrient causing eutrophication in aquatic systems, it is important to have a tool to predict this potential release. In this study we examined the P release to the soil pore water in soil cores from floodplains in the Netherlands and from less anthropogenically influenced floodplains from Poland. During the inundation experiment, concentrations of P in the pore water rose to 2-90 times the initial concentrations. P release was not directly related to the geographic origin of the soils. An important predictor variable of P release was found in the ratio between the concentration of iron-bound P and amorphous iron. This ratio may provide a practical tool for the selection of new areas for wetland creation, and for impact assessment of plans for riverine wetland restoration and floodwater storage. 相似文献
790.
Virenkumar Shah Daniel Broseta Gerard Mouronval Franois Montel 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2008,2(4):594
Acid gas geological disposal is a promising process to reduce CO2 atmospheric emissions and an environment-friendly and economic alternative to the transformation of H2S into sulphur by the Claus process. Acid gas confinement in geological formations is to a large extent controlled by the capillary properties of the water/acid–gas/caprock system, because a significant fraction of the injected gas rises buoyantly and accumulates beneath the caprock. These properties include the water/acid gas interfacial tension (IFT), to which the so-called capillary entry pressure of the gas in the water-saturated caprock is proportional. In this paper we present the first ever systematic water/acid gas IFT measurements carried out by the pendant drop technique under geological storage conditions. We performed IFT measurements for water/H2S systems over a large range of pressure (up to P = 15 MPa) and temperature (up to T = 120 °C). Water/H2S IFT decreases with increasing P and levels off at around 9–10 mN/m at high T (≥70 °C) and P (>12 MPa). The latter values are around 30–40% of water/CO2 IFTs, and around 20% of water/CH4 IFTs at similar T and P conditions. The IFT between water and a CO2 + H2S mixture at T = 77 °C and P > 7.5 MPa is observed to be approximately equal to the molar average IFT of the water/CO2 and water/H2S binary mixtures. Thus, when the H2S content in the stored acid gas increases the capillary entry pressure decreases, together with the maximum height of acid gas column and potential storage capacity of a given geological formation. Hence, considerable attention should be exercised when refilling with a H2S-rich acid gas a depleted gas reservoir, or a depleted oil reservoir with a gas cap: in the case of hydrocarbon reservoirs that were initially (i.e., at the time of their discovery) close to capillary leakage, acid gas leakage through the caprock will inevitably occur if the refilling pressure approaches the initial reservoir pressure. 相似文献