危险化学品仓储存在的问题和安全对策

危险化学品仓储是一种特殊商品的仓储,存在较大的事故隐患.作为危险化学品全寿命周期的一部分,仓储安全管理工作非常重要.针对危险化学品仓储管理中存在的问题,结合我国实际情况,参照国外先进的管理模式,提出了危险化学品仓储安全的要求.     

Spatial Distribution and Temporal Change of Carbon Storage in Timber Biomass of Two Different Forest Management Units

Forests make up large ecosystems and can play an important role in mitigating the emissions of CO₂, the most important greenhouse gas. However, they are sources of atmospheric carbon when they are disturbed by human or natural causes. Storage of carbon through expansion and adaptive management of forest ecosystems can assist in reducing carbon concentrations in atmosphere. This study proposes a methodology to produce spatially explicit estimates of the carbon storages (aboveground plus belowground) depending on land use/cover changes in two different forest ecosystems during various periods. Carbon storages for each forest ecosystem were projected according to inventory data, and carbon storages were mapped in a geographic information system (GIS). Results showed that total carbon stored in above and belowground of both forest ecosystems increased from one period to other because of especially increase of productive forest areas and decline of degraded forest areas as well as protection of spruce forests subject to insect attacks.     

Canopy slope effect on the performance of the solar chimney power plant

Solar chimney power plants constitute an impressive construction by its size and its output seems low for its dimensions. Although many works have been carried out on the subject, there is still much scientific and technical improvement to be done. In the present work, we consider the modeling of turbulent flow under the effect of natural convection within a solar chimney power plant (SCPP) by performing numerical simulation using the Saturne Code coupled with Syrthes code. The objective of the study is the analysis of the collector cover slope influence on the performance of the SCPP in two cases. In the first case, the storage system considered is composed solely of the ground under the collector. For the second case, the storage system is made, in addition to the ground, of a 10 cm thick tub filled with water, covering the entire surface of the collector. The concept of minimizing the entropy production is also studied with the objective of optimizing the geometric configuration as well as the effect of the collector cover slope on the efficiency of SCPP. The boundary conditions are defined according to the meteorological data for a typical day available on the site of Adrar, Algeria. The results allow us to focus on the storage system influence on the SCPP performance and the duration of its operation after sunset. This leads to the improvement of the global efficiency of the SCPP. Results show the positive impact of the extra storage media use and the configuration which improves the velocity at the chimney entrance.     

碳捕获与封存（CCS）发展前景

对国内外碳捕获与封存的发展现状、争论焦点、发展瓶颈以及未来前景进行分析。碳捕获与封存技术的应用和推广可以有效地缓解全球变暖带来的不利影响,为构建低碳经济和可持续发展提供了一个不错的选择。然而世界各国由于在认识差异、经济背景、国内立法、利益相关者博弈等多种背景影响下,碳捕获与封存的发展前景仍不是特别明朗,各国在技术领先和商业利益之间的竞争还存在很多变数。     

铅蓄电池行业重金属污染防治研究

近年来,铅蓄电池行业铅污染事故频发,对环境和人体健康造成了严重危害。各级政府高度重视,环境保护部于2011年初开展铅蓄电池行业环保专项检查工作。本文从铅蓄电池行业的生产全过程出发,从产业结构、技术装备、末端治理、环境管理等方面提出铅蓄电池行业铅污染防治措施,为铅蓄电池行业重金属污染防治工作提供了参考依据。     

Perceptions of Manipulation and Judgments of Illegitimacy: Pitfalls in the Use of Emphasis Framing when Communicating about CO2 Capture and Storage

The mitigation of climate change requires reductions in the amount of CO₂ emitted into the atmosphere. One way to achieve this in the short run is through the implementation of CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) technology. The viability of CCS not only depends on technical and regulatory issues, but also on public attitudes. Communication plays an important role in shaping these attitudes. This paper reports on two experiments performed to examine effects of emphasis framing in CCS communications, meaning that greater weight is given to advantages of CCS over disadvantages or vice versa. Although emphasis framing can be effective in shaping attitudes, our findings suggest that there may be long-term costs to using this communication technique as it can be perceived as manipulative. Moreover, emphasis framing is judged as relatively illegitimate when the source is expected to be impartial rather than biased.     

不同存放时间太湖蓝藻产沼气潜力

对不同存放时间蓝藻(新鲜蓝藻、存放3个月、6个月和9个月)进行厌氧消化处置,分析反应过程中沼气量、代谢产物和酶活等变化,获得各自的产沼气潜力。研究结果表明,存放6个月蓝藻组的产沼气率最大,为120.5 mL/g TS,是新鲜蓝藻组的1.29倍。Gompertz模型拟合表明,随着存放时间的延长,最大产沼气量(Pmax)先增大后减小,最大比产气率一直增加。存放3个月蓝藻组的VFA在第6天达到最大,为1 575.4 mg/L,而存放9个月蓝藻组的VFA在第2天达到最大,为1 116.5 mg/L。存放3个月蓝藻组的最大中性蛋白酶酶活为1 203.4μg/(g TS.h),比新鲜蓝藻组提高212.8μg/(gTS.h)。脱氢酶酶活随着蓝藻存放时间的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势。     

储氧材料负载的钴基整体式催化剂的活性研究

以Ce-Zr-Mn三组分储氧材料(OSM)和Y2 O3、ZrO2稳定的γ-Al2 O3 (YSZ-Al2 O3)为载体,制得Co基催化剂,再以不同比例的Co/OSM和Co/YSZ- Al2 O3制得堇青石为基体的Co基整体式催化剂.上述催化剂活性用甲烷催化燃烧性能进行评估.结果表明,甲烷燃烧催化活性顺序为Co/OSM≈...     

种龄、种内竞争及环境因子对紫茎泽兰种子萌发影响的研究

紫茎泽兰（Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng）,菊科多年生草本或半灌木植物,是世界性入侵杂草,也是目前危害我国最为严重的外来入侵杂草之一,对我国西南地区农业、畜牧业的良好发展以及生态环境造成了严重的危害。种子繁殖是紫茎泽兰初始建群,尤其是远距离传播的主要途径。环境对种子萌发具有决定性作用,对于物种的生存具有重要意义。因此,本试验通过室内生测法分析了紫茎泽兰种子保存时间、种内竞争及环境温度、盐分胁迫及水分胁迫等因素对紫茎泽兰种子萌发的影响。结果表明：紫茎泽兰种子寿命较长,存放2.5年的种子萌发率仍可达45.67%;紫茎泽兰种子萌发时种内竞争作用较强,能够显著降低其种子的萌发势和萌发率;紫茎泽兰种子萌发所需的温度范围较宽,在12~30℃温度范围内均可萌发,且随环境温度的升高,种子萌发越快,萌发率越高,高温（30℃/22℃）处理下种子萌发率可达到90.33%;同时发现,紫茎泽兰种子萌发对环境中的盐分浓度十分敏感,0.25%的盐质量分数即可达到种子的致死水平,1%的盐质量分数处理即可使种子完全丧失萌发能力。紫茎泽兰种子较耐水淹环境,浸水处理6 d的种子的萌发率仍高达65.68%。由此表明,紫茎泽兰种子不适应盐碱环境,而适宜于温暖潮湿的自然环境。这为探析紫茎泽兰种子萌发活动生理提供了一定的基础资料,同时,也为有效、安全的防除紫茎泽兰提供了科学依据。     

火灾事故后果评价方法在LNG储罐发生BLEVE爆炸上的应用

介绍了LNG储罐站的发展背景和现状;采用火灾事故后果分析方法建模,分析计算了LNG储罐站发生BLEVE爆炸所产生的火球直径、持续时间、提升高度、热辐射能量、冲击波破坏的范围、火灾爆炸事故对人及周围设施破坏的程度等;提出了在我国开展此类工程评估工作过程中的一些观点和设想。