沈阳市环境监测信息网络的总体网络系统概况

采用环境信息网络与国内、省内及市内各重点污染源建立信息网络系统同时对环境质量进行监测。     

三维植被网喷播植草技术在高速公路边坡上的应用

三维网喷播植草是一种能在纯石质边坡上进行绿化的新工艺。文章介绍了该技术的施工工艺和质量检验标准，并在广惠高速公路边坡进行应用试验。试验结果表明，该技术绿化防护效果较好，适应当地气候条件。     

OPTIMAL WATER ALLOCATION IN THE LAKES BASIN OF NICARAGUA1

ABSTRACT: The water resources of Nicaragua are largely undeveloped and distributed unequally throughout the nation. In addition, there is a significant geographical imbalance between the abundant water supply in the Atlantic Basin and the less abundant supply in the Pacific Basin which accounts for most of the water demand. The Lakes Basin, comprising Lakes Managua and Nicaragua, could be manipulated to solve the imbalance. Specifically, this paper presents a scheme to transfer water from Lake Nicaragua to Lake Managua and, subsequently, direct water from each lake for irrigation and hydroelectric generation. The scheme has been designed to maximize economic benefits and requires environmental impact analysis.     

FEE FISHING AREAS IN ILLINOIS1

ABSTRACT: Fishing is a popular form of recreation in the state of Illinois. Despite seemingly endless varieties of fishing opportunities, limited public access, distant location of lakes with respect to population centers, chemical contaminants in some waters, and the desire for species not naturally found in Illinois have engendered an alternate form of recreational land use, the daily fee fishing area. A fee area is any privately controlled body of water or waters where a fee is charged for fishing. Such operations must Low licensed by the state of Illinois. Fee areas are almost entirely comprised of existing man-made impoundments, particularly farm ponds. They are usually stocked on a put and take basis. The most common species utilized in Illinois are carp and channel catfish. Fee areas are concentrated in the southwestern part of the state and near major metropolitan centers. Even though the number of fee areas has declined during the past decade, the role of such operations remains important to the overall picture of fishing in Illinois.     

三峡库区人类活动净氮输入量估算及其影响因素

建立包括食品/饲料,氮肥,大气沉降和生物固氮4部分的人类活动净氮输入模型（NANI）,采用单因素方差分析法（one-way ANOVA）和灰色关联度法,研究2006~2016年三峡库区人类活动净氮输入估量的时空分布、组成特征及其贡献率、影响因素.结果表明：（1）三峡库区的NANI估量存在明显的时空差异特征,从2006年的10715.2kg/（km²·a）到2016年的11974.1kg/（km²·a）,整体呈现先线性上升后下降的年际变化趋势,以及库首,库尾高,库区腹地低且南部高,北部低的空间分布特征.（2）三峡库区的NANI的组成中,氮肥施用量所占比重最大为50%~56%,是主要输入源,其次是大气氮沉降量,所占比重为22%~24%;相关性分析中,氮肥施用量与NANI相关性最强,R²达到了0.81（P<0.0001）.（3）人口密度,粮食产量,农业生产总值和地区生产总值等与NANI的关联度均较高,分别为0.901,0.867,0.794,0.689,NANI值随人口密度的增大而增大,但当人口密度到达一定值（500人/km²）时,其值不再变化;NANI值随着耕地面积的增加而增大,随着森林面积的增加而减小.     

接种丛枝菌根真菌对诸葛菜生理指标和氮磷钙吸收的影响

为了探究AM（Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi,丛枝菌根）真菌对于喀斯特地区石漠化治理的应用,以石灰土为培养基质模拟喀斯特高钙环境,选用4种球囊霉属的AM真菌（BEG-141、BEG-167、BEG-168、BEG-193）作为供试菌种接种喀斯特适生植物——诸葛菜（Orychophragmus violaceus）进行模拟研究.选取诸葛菜的全株生物量、净光合速率值、水分利用率为生理指标同时以氮磷钙为代表元素,通过对比接种和非接种试验,研究AM真菌对宿主植物生理状态的影响.结果表明:接种AM真菌对喀斯特适生植物诸葛菜的生长有显著的促进作用,对全株生物量的促进效应达到了3~5倍;对净光合速率值比较分析,接种组显著高于对照组,与对照组相比接种组净光合速率提高了2~3倍,其中BEG-167接种组的净光合速率〔33.14 μmol/（m2·s）〕最大;从水分利用率来看,只有BEG-168和BEG-141的水分利用率显著高于对照组,分别为对照组的1.8和1.4倍;所有接种组地下部的TP含量都显著高于对照组,提高了9.71%~34.39%,只有BEG-193接种组的地上部分TP含量显著高于对照组,整体而言,接种促进了诸葛菜地下部分对TP的吸收;接种组地上部TN含量均显著低于对照组,而地下部的TN吸收提高了38.07%~138.04%,均显著高于对照组;此外,接种后诸葛菜地上部TCa（总钙）含量降低了7.61%~55.58%,接种减少了TCa向其地上部的运输,从而减少TCa过量对植物体的伤害.研究显示,AM真菌对诸葛菜的促进效应很可能是通过提高植株净光合速率、水分利用率、TP和TN的吸收,抑制钙向植物体地上部转移等途径实现的.      

POTENTIAL ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CHANGES IN WATER AVAILABILITY ON AGRICULTURE IN THE TRUCKEE AND CARSON RIVER BASINS,NEVADA, USA1

ABSTRACT: Effects of climate change are likely to be detected in nearly all sectors and regions of the economy, with both winners and losers. One of the consequences of climatic changes could be altered regional water supplies. This paper presents an investigation of regional agricultural implications of changes in water availability. Specifically, using a profit maximization approach, the economic consequences of altered water availability in the Great Basin of Nevada are analyzed in terms of the effects on net returns of agricultural producers. Under the scenarios analyzed in this paper, it is found that with adequate water systems, increase in streamflow and consequent increase in water availability could significantly benefit agricultural producers of this region. Net returns to irrigators could increase by 8 to 13 percent, not taking into account the possibility of changes in crop yields and prices. It is also shown that the benefits from increased water availability are sensitive to likely crop yield and price changes. The potential for adverse effects of climatic changes on water supply is also considered by analyzing the effects of decreased water availability. Under decreased water availability scenarios, farmer net returns decrease substantially.     

Acidification and recreational fisheries in Finland: A mail survey of potential impacts

In Finland, small forest lakes and rivers in the northern part of the country are more sensitive to acidic deposition than other Finnish waters. In some lakes, acid-sensitive fish populations have declined. A nationwide survey of fishers showed that, at present, the number of fishers whose primary fishing waters are affected by airborne acidification is negligible compared to the estimated total number of adult fishers (1.1 million). The proportion of the fishers who mainly fish in water types sensitive to airborne acidification is considerable, 3% for the rivers in northern Finland and 21% for small forest lakes. There is general concern among fishers about the effects of acidification. Changes in the fishing waters are attributed to acidification by 5–10% of the fishers, although in most cases other information about the fishing waters rules out acidification as an explanation for the changes. Among those who fish in sensitive types of waters, a willingness to mitigate potential damages was reported by approximately one third of all fishers. Clear differences in the willingness to rehabilitate the fishery were observed in relation to the importance of fishing as a spare time activity and the distance between the fishing waters and a home or summer cottage.     

考虑优先性的罐区火灾事故应急行动研究

为提高工业罐区火灾事故的应急救援效率,本文采用时间混合Petri网对罐区火灾事故应急响应过程进行建模仿真,分析应急过程中的行动优先性及时间性能;对某工业罐区进行考虑应急行动优先性和不考虑应急行动优先性2种救援模式进行建模仿真和对比分析。研究表明:考虑应急行动优先性的救援模式可对随机到达的资源进行调配,可提高罐区火灾应急救援效率。