Conservation Benefits of Temperate Marine Protected Areas: Variation among Fish Species

Abstract:  Marine protected areas, and other fishery management systems that impart partial or total protection from fishing, are increasingly advocated as an essential management tool to ensure the sustainable use of marine resources. Beneficial effects for fish species are well documented for tropical and reef systems, but the effects of marine protected areas remain largely untested in temperate waters. We compared trends in sport-fishing catches of nine fish species in an area influenced by a large (500-km²) towed-fishing-gear restriction zone and in adjacent areas under conventional fishery management controls. Over the period 1973–2002 the mean reported weight of above-average-sized (trophy) fish of species with early age at maturity and limited home range was greatest within the area influenced by the fishing-gear restriction zone. The reported weight of trophy fish of species that mature early also declined less and more slowly over time within the area influenced by the fishing-gear restriction zone. Importantly, the mean reported weight of trophy fish of species that mature late and those that undertake extensive spatial movements declined at the same rate in all areas. Hence these species are likely to require protected areas >500 km² for effective protection. Our results also indicated that fish species with a localized distribution or high site fidelity may require additional protection from sport fishing to prevent declines in the number or size of fish within the local population.     

采用网络共享的Excel技术编制环境监测分析报告

简述了环境监测部门在编制环境监测分析报告时遇到的问题，介绍采用网络共享的Excel技术来编制环境监测分析报告的方法，并与传统报告编制方法进行了比较，体现出运用现代技术的优越性，同时分析了该方法编制报告时易产生的问题，提出了解决办法。     

水库出流对水库环境容量的影响研究

水库的出流是影响水库流场的重要因素,也是影响水库水环境容量的重要因素。文章以某水库为例,利用计算流体力学及水质计算软件计算了水库在不同泄流宽度下出流的流量,并根据不同泄流宽度下水库的流场和浓度场计算了对应的水库环境容量值,分析了出流宽度、出流流量和水环境容量三者之间的关系。     

基于OPMSE与BAT的啤酒行业排放限值仿真

以OPMSE仿真计算啤酒行业排放污水中COD,BOD,NH3-N质量浓度为研究对象,查询及调研清河流域典型啤酒行业产生污水中COD,BOD,NH3-N质量浓度范围,经BAT处理后通过OPMSE的仿真计算,得出排放污水中污染物质量浓度正态分布置信区间、最佳出水及最差出水质量浓度。结果表明:置信水平为99%时,COD,BOD,NH3-N的置信区间分别为(75.83,95.95),(19.30,25.88),(5.68,6.85);最佳出水质量浓度分别为4.14 mg/L,5.36 mg/L,2.71 mg/L;最差出水质量浓度分别为20.64 mg/L,20.70 mg/L,10.86mg/L。将仿真结果与现有排放标准对比,拟定啤酒行业的污染物直接排放限值为COD=100 mg/L,BOD=30mg/L,NH3-N=8 mg/L;间接排放限值为COD=400 mg/L,BOD=80 mg/L,NH3-N=25 mg/L。     

络合萃取法处理含酚废水技术经济分析

从技术经济角度对络合萃取法处理含酚废水进行了分析,建立了投资及净现值与处理量和浓度的关系式。结果表明：络合萃取法投资及净现值指标对处理理敏感,而对浓度不敏感;     

A COST‐BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY PROTECTION IN THE CATAWBA BASIN1

ABSTRACT: The primary objective of this study was to perform a cost‐benefit analysis of maintaining the current level of water quality in the Catawba River basin. Economic benefits were estimated using a stated preference survey method designed to value respondents' willingness to pay for a management plan to protect water quality in the Catawba basin over time. From the surveys conducted with 1,085 area residents, we calculated an annual mean willingness to pay of $139 for the management plan, or more than $75.4 million for all taxpayers in the area. Over the five‐year time horizon in which respondents were asked to pay for the management plan, this resulted in a total economic benefit of $340.1 million. The Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework model was used to estimate the amount of management activities needed to protect the current level of water quality in the basin over time. Based on the model results, the total cost of the management plan was calculated to be $244.8 million over a ten‐year period. The resulting cost‐benefit analysis indicated that the potential benefits of this management plan would outweigh the costs by more than $95 million.     

基于模糊网络分析的民航机务安全评价

机务维修是保障航空器安全运行的重要工作.针对现行航空公司机务维修系统的安全评估方法不完备性问题,通过对机务工作业务模块的分析,结合天津某航空公司机务维修部门近7年来的不安全事件统计,从人-机-环-管四个方面筛选并建立了19个评价指标,运用ANP(analysis net process)方法结合三角模糊函数对机务系统的安全水平进行定量分析,得出影响机务维修安全的前8位指标——检查监督,维修态度,操作技能,文化建设、价值观,硬件软件技术,性能标准,人际关系.最终提出相关的可行性建议.     

河南省人类活动净磷输入的时空变化与影响参数

为探究河南省人类活动净磷输入状况,基于河南省18个省辖市(县辖市)行政单元统计数据,利用人类活动净磷输入量(NAPI)模型,核算河南省1990、1995、2000、2005、2010、2015和2019年人类活动净磷输入量.结果表明:在时间尺度上,1990～2015年河南省NAPI整体呈升高趋势,2015～2019年略...     

中国农业净碳汇时空演化特征分析

论文以全国范围县级单元为研究对象,对1991—2011年长达21 a的农业净碳汇时空格局变化规律展开了深入分析。研究表明：1）从时间变化角度可以发现,整体上我国农业在长达21 a内均以净碳汇为主,并且总体上处于波动上升趋势,农业净碳汇净增93.7%;2）我国农业碳汇结构相对比较稳定,稻谷、小麦和玉米三者共同占到了80%左右,而碳源结构则在1991—2011年间发生了较大变化,由1991年农药为主,化肥、牛为辅转变成为化肥为主,农药、地膜、牛为辅的结构;3）空间分布方面,我国县域农业净碳汇量地区间差距在不断缩小,存在4种农业碳生态类型区;4）1991—2011年间净碳汇为负值的县级单元数量增多,并且在空间上主要分布于西南地区与内蒙古。农业种植量相对较小,作物生长碳吸收不明显,单位产量农业投入要素多以及农业类型以畜牧业为主是这些地区农业净碳汇为负值的主要原因。