A New Modus Operandi for the Agricultural Economics Profession

Agricultural economics has, until the 1990s, enjoyeda reputation for relevance and usefulness to theagri-food industry and policy-makers. Thatreputation has been jeopardized by a growinginfatuation with models and quantification, and aconcomitant underemphasis placed on many complexproblems and issues of society. An illustrativeexample is explored, using agriculturalactivity-related damage to the natural resourcebase, environment and ecology. Agriculturaleconomists are urged to respond by broadening theirterms of reference and joining forces with otherdisciplines.     

准确把握环境形势,认真落实"全面、协调和可持续的科学发展观",努力实现全面建设小康社会的可持续发展目标

本文主要论述了在实现我国中长期环境与资源保护战略目标过程中,环境形势的长期性、艰巨性和复杂性;指出必须通过发展观念、经济增长方式、经济体制和政策职能的转变,树立和落实全面、协调和可持续的科学发展观,促进经济、政治、文化、生态环境的全面发展。     

Priorities for Improving the Scientific Foundation of Conservation Policy in North America

Abstract:  The Society for Conservation Biology (SCB) can enhance conservation of biodiversity in North America by increasing its engagement in public policy. Toward this end, the North America Section of SCB is establishing partnerships with other professional organizations in order to speak more powerfully to decision makers and taking other actions—such as increasing interaction with chapters—geared to engage members more substantively in science-policy issues. Additionally, the section is developing a North American Biodiversity Blueprint, which spans the continental United States and Canada and is informed by natural and social science. This blueprint is intended to clarify the policy challenges for protecting continental biodiversity, to foster bilateral collaboration to resolve common problems, and to suggest rational alternative policies and practices that are more likely than current practices to sustain North America's natural heritage. Conservation scientists and practitioners can play a key role by drawing policy makers' attention to ultimate, as well as proximate, causes of biodiversity decline and to the ecological and economic consequences of not addressing these threats.     

关于战略环境影响评价的探讨

文章从战略环境影响评价的概念和分类进行分析,结合我国战略环境影响评价的当前发展,对战略环境影响评价在我国经济发展中的意义和必要性进行研究。结合其对经济发展和地区规划的影响等多方面的分析,提出战略环境影响评价所遵循的原则和评价程序,并对其评价程序进行分析和论证,进一步论述了战略环境影响评价的意义。     

Assessment of eco-labelling criteria development from a strategic sustainability perspective

To turn current patterns of consumption and production in a sustainable direction, solid and understandable market information on the socio-ecological performance of products is needed. Eco-labelling programmes have an important role in this communication. The aim of this study is to investigate what gaps there may be in the current criteria development processes in relation to a strategic sustainability perspective and develop recommendations on how such presumptive gaps could be bridged. First a previously published generic framework for strategic sustainable development is described and applied for the assessment of two eco-labelling programmes. Data for the assessment is collected from literature and in semi-structured interviews and discussions with eco-labelling experts.The assessment revealed that the programmes lack both an operational definition of sustainability, and a statement of objectives to direct and drive the criteria development processes. Consequently they also lack guidelines for how product category criteria might gradually develop in any direction. The selected criteria mainly reflect the current reality based on a selection of negative impacts in ecosystems, but how this selection, or prioritization, is made is not clearly presented. Finally, there are no guidelines to ensure that the criteria developers represent a broad enough competence to embrace all essential sustainability aspects.In conclusion the results point at deficiencies in theory, process and practice of eco-labelling, which hampers cohesiveness, transparency and comprehension. And it hampers predictability, as producers get no support in foreseeing how coming revisions of criteria will develop. This represents a lost opportunity for strategic sustainable development. It is suggested that these problems could be avoided by informing the criteria development process by a framework for strategic sustainable development, based on backcasting from basic sustainability principles.     

我国农村经济发展现状与环境治理的相关问题探讨

目前,随着我国农村经济的高速发展,环境问题也日益突出.如仅重视经济的发展而忽略环境污染问题,必将严重导致一个恶性循环发展链,使经济发展的速度受到不良因素的制约.改革开放以来,中国农村经济得到了较快的发展,农村面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化.但在经济迅速发展的同时,农村的生态环境却在迅速的恶化.如何改变农村现有的经济发展模式,寻求高效、稳定、持续的农村发展模式成为当前重要而紧迫的课题.文章就当前农村经济的发展现状与农村环境污染的防治做相关的探讨.     

规划环境影响评价中公众参与探讨研究

公众参与作为规划环境影响评价的重要组成部分,具有重要的作用和意义。公众参与可以提高规划环境影响评价的有效性、提高规划的合理性及环保性。结合规划环评的应用实例,归纳了规划环评公众参与的参与对象、参与形式等,指出目前规划环评公众参与在应用中存在公众参与对象局限、规定和程序不明确、公民环保意识差等问题,建议采用多种形式开展公众参与环评,同时建议相关部门制定法律条文等进一步明确公众参与环评的规定和程序,提高信息公开度和民众的环保意识。     

橡胶制品工业环境影响评价重点问题研究

建设项目环境影响报告编制过程中常因未注意到某些关键问题的论述,而使环境影响报告缺乏科学性和可靠性,导致环境影响评价结论依据不足.为使建设项目从环境保护角度分析更具有可行性,以某橡胶制品项目为例,总结了橡胶制品工业项目环境影响评价文件中需注意的几个要点问题,为环境保护主管部门审批环境影响评价文件提供必要的依据,为此类项目更好地开展环境保护工作提供指导.     

Strategic planning for post-disaster temporary housing

Temporary housing programmes suffer from excessively high cost, late delivery, poor location, improper unit designs and other inherent issues. These issues can be attributed in part to a prevalence of ad hoc tactical planning, rather than pre-disaster strategic planning, for reconstruction undertaken by governments and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the chaotic post-disaster environment. An analysis of the process and outcomes from six case studies of temporary housing programmes after disasters in Turkey and Colombia in 1999, Japan in 1995, Greece in 1986, Mexico in 1985, and Italy in 1976 yields information about the extent to which strategic planning is employed in temporary housing programmes, as well as common issues in temporary housing. Based on an understanding of these common issues, this paper proposes a framework for strategic planning for temporary housing that identifies organisational designs and available resources for temporary housing before the disaster, but allows modifications to fit the specific post-disaster situation.     

湖北水资源现状与可持续利用战略对策

湖北省有十分丰富的过境客水资源,但自产水资源却十分有限,在水资源开发利用中存在许多亟待解决的问题。如地表水污染日趋严重,地下水也存在不容的污染;农业用水占大头,其节水潜力巨大;目前主要是利用地表水,地下水的利用很少;洪涝时时灾害仍然十分严重,并有愈演愈烈的趋势;从长远看,湖北省的水资源问题将主要是污染型短缺的问题;南水北调中线工程将对汉江中下游供水和水质造成不容忽视的影响;在计划体制下形成的水资源