西部大开发概要性战略环境评价大纲研究

在分析概要性战略环境评价概念与特征的基础上 ,针对西部大开发战略及其潜在的生态环境影响 ,提出西部大开发概要性战略环境评价大纲和主要研究评价内容     

公众参与在战略环境影响评价中的发展研究

公众参与是战略环境影响评价的一个显著的特点,公众参与使得决策制定过程具有更公开、更透明化的特点,同时也使得利益相关者和受影响的人群更容易接受规划和项目的实施.概述了公众参与在战略环境评价的理论发展过程,列举了近年来战略环境影响评价公众参与在国外的实践经验,讨论了中国公众参与在战略环境影响评价的研究成果,最后提出了完善中国战略环境影响评价公众参与制度的合理建议.     

The social side of spatial decision support systems: Investigating knowledge integration and learning

Spatial decision support systems (SDSS) represent a step forward in efforts to account for the spatial dimension in environmental decision-making. The aim of SDSS is to help policymakers and practitioners access, interpret and understand information from data, analyses and models, and guide them in identifying possible actions during a decision-making process. Researchers, however, report difficulties in up-take of SDSS by the intended users. Some suggest that this field would benefit from investigation of the social aspects involved in SDSS design, development, testing and use. Borrowing insights from the literature on science-policy interactions, we explore two key social processes: knowledge integration and learning. Using a sample of 36 scientific papers concerning SDSS in relation to environmental issues, we surveyed whether and how the selected papers reported on knowledge integration and learning. We found that while many of the papers mentioned communication and collaboration with prospective user groups or stakeholders, this was seldom underpinned by a coherent methodology for enabling knowledge integration and learning to surface. This appears to have hindered SDSS development and later adoption by intended users.     

小议战略环境影响评价

战略环境影响评价(Strategic Environmental Assessment,SEA)是环境影响评价的新领域,是可持续发展战略决策的重要支持工具,近年来在中国和世界范围开始受到广泛的重视.传统的环境影响评价主要限于建设项目和区域开发项目,显然已经不能适应形势的需要,在国家发展战略、政策法规和计划规划中增加环境影响评价的内容十分必要.战略环境影响评价是站在全局的角度,由政府部门组织进行,通过各个有关部门合作,进行相对全面、客观的分析评价,是对项目环境评价的拓展、完善和提高.战略环境影响评价意义深远,但评价方法有待加强.     

Update on selective reduction

Over the past 25 years fetal reduction has been utilized to reduce the risks of higher-order multiple pregnancies that have resulted from overly successful infertility therapies. The demographics of multiple pregnancy patients have evolved over the past decade, with increasing proportions coming from IVF as opposed to ovulation induction, being older and a higher proportion with donor eggs. Genetic diagnosis prior to reduction is becoming more common and is very safe in experienced hands. For all starting numbers, including twins, reduction to a lower number of fetuses reduces fetal losses, prematurity, and infant mortality and morbidity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Public opinion and interest group positions on open-space issues in Albuquerque,New Mexico,USA: Implications for resource management

The purpose of this research was to elicit and compare the open-space preferences of citizens and openspace experts in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. A randomly selected sample of 492 citizens and 35 open-space experts participated in a telephone survey during May 5–18, 1986. The following hypothesis was tested and used as a guideline for the study:HO1: There is no significant difference between respondents' status and preference for open space in Albuquerque, New Mexico.The hypothesis was rejected. Findings confirmed respondents' status affected preference for open space. Of the eight issues on which the citizen and expert groups were compared, five recorded significant differences in response profiles. The open-space expert group was significantly more supportive of using open space to accommodate offroad vehicle facilities, wildlife preserves, a citywide recreational trail, and a trail system along the arroyos and city ditches. The citizen sample was significantly more supportive of using open space to accommodate overnight camping facilities. Both groups equally supported using open space to accommodate an outdoor amphitheater, outdoor education facilities, and rafting, kayaking, and canoeing facilities.The finding indicated that expert preferences did not represent an aggregate of citizen preferences for managing open-space resources. Understanding both expert and citizen positions will facilitate decision-making processes and help resolve environmental disputes.     

A better future for upland landscapes?

The Countryside Commission's report, “A Better Future for the Uplands”, contains recommendations that seek a better balance between conservation and farming and conservation and forestry: recommendations that concern the uplands as landscape. This paper considers the recommendations under three headings — those which seek to reduce conflict, those which seek to reinforce the voluntary approach to conflict resolution, and those which seek to extend control. The paper concludes with a consideration of the likely effectiveness of the measures proposed.     

阿尔泰山两河源区生态环境问题研究

由于人类对自然资源的不合理开发利用，以及自然环境的演变，阿尔泰山两河源区的生态环境出现了比较严重的退化。两河源区的生态环境不仅直接关系到阿勒泰地区人民的生活及经济的发展，而且还关系到相关地区的可持续发展问题。针对阿尔泰山两河源区的生态环境问题笔者提出了相应的对策与建议。     

面向可持续发展的战略环境评价研究

自从战略环境评价理论提出以来,国内外学者分别从不同的角度对战略环境评价进行了研究,但是从可持续发展的角度进行的战略环境评价研究却相对较少。文章以可持续发展理论为基础,结合战略环境评价理论,给出了面向可持续发展的战略环境评价的内涵,阐明面向可持续发展的战略环境评价的重要性,并建立相应的指标体系,为面向可持续发展的战略环境评价的实施提供理论依据。