Neighborhood satisfaction,physical and perceived naturalness and openness

This study examined neighborhood satisfaction in relation to naturalness and openness. It used Geographic Information System (GIS) and Landsat satellite imagery to physically measure the environmental attributes. Through path analysis it examined the relationship among the attributes, resident ratings of those environmental attributes, their satisfaction with them, and their overall neighborhood satisfaction (n = 725). We expected overall neighborhood satisfaction to relate to the resident's ratings of the environmental attributes and to the physical measures of them. The path model showed that overall neighborhood satisfaction was associated directly with the physical measure of building density and indirectly with the physical measure of vegetation rate through perception and evaluation of them. The perceptions and evaluations of the attributes related to one another. With refinements, GIS and Landsat data geo-related to survey data can offer a powerful tool for understanding the complex nature of neighborhood satisfaction and behavior.     

基于IIAHP-Entropy-ssd的采空区遗煤自燃危险性评价模型及应用

为了能够对煤矿采空区遗煤自燃危险性进行准确判定,提出基于IIAHP-Entropy-ssd最优综合赋权模糊评价模型。首先,结合影响采空区遗煤的自燃性及环境影响因素,建立危险性评价指标体系,并确定各评价指标的分级准则;其次,利用区间数代替数值评价打分,并运用可能度互补矩阵进行修正的改进区间数层次分析法（IIAHP）,结合熵权法（Entropy）,根据现场实测数据,得出各评价指标的主、客观权重,并运用离差平方和（ssd）的最大化思想进行最优综合赋权,克服评价过程中主、客观因素对评价结果的影响,运用属性数学理论,建立各评价指标的隶属函数;最后,运用该模型对忻州窑矿8914综放工作面采空区遗煤自燃危险性进行评价,并与现场实际情况进行对比,结果表明:该模型的评价结果与实际情况基本一致,验证了该评价模型的准确性,为采空区遗煤自燃危险性评价提供参考和借鉴思路。     

属性识别理论模型二级评判法在城市总体环境质量评价中的运用

属性识别理论模型是近年来提出的一种数学模型，它已成功地用于质量评价中。现将该模型引用到城市总体环境质量评价中，提出运用二级评判来综合评价城市总体环境质量。经实例分析表明，属性识别理论模型用于城市总体环境质量评价比模糊综合二级评判法更合理实用，为城市总体环境质量综合评价提供了一种新方法。     

属性识别法在郑州市空气质量评价中的应用研究

阐述了评价环境空气质量的属性识别法,介绍了属性识别理论模型和属性权重的确定,通过将熵值法与属性识别理论相结合,建立了基于熵权的属性识别理论模型,并依据《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012),对郑州市城区2009年至2013年的环境空气质量进行了综合评价.结果表明:2009年至2013年郑州市城区的环境空气质量均为Ⅱ级.属性识别理论概念清晰,计算简单,评价结果比较客观.评价结果表明运用属性识别理论应用于环境空气质量综合评价是合理可信的.     

长江三角洲平原南部上新世以来古环境演变及多重地层划分

对长江三角洲平原BZK01钻孔进行沉积物¹⁴C测年、粒度、磁学、孢粉和微体古生物分析,结合伽玛测井、岩性地层讨论了上新世以来钻孔揭示的孢粉组合、沉积环境演化、沉积相和古气候特征,建立了钻孔的第四纪多重地层划分对比框架。结果表明,受原始地形地貌、海平面变化、海陆变迁、古气候冷暖更替及新构造运动的影响,研究区上新世以来经历了多次环境变化。钻孔自下而上揭示岩性地层依次为基岩长河组、新近纪-第四纪沉积的嘉兴组、前港组、东浦组、宁波组、镇海组,孢粉组合可划分出16个孢粉带,按暖期温暖潮湿-冷期寒冷干燥古气候旋回变化的周期律,BZK01钻孔反映该区域共存在7个古气候旋回。建立的钻孔多重地层划分对比揭示151.9～278.0 m为河流相和河湖相交替沉积的上新世-早更新世时期,存在两个气候旋回过程;83.5～151.9 m为河流相-河湖相-浅湖相沉积环境的中更新世,包含两个气候旋回过程;15.4～83.5 m为晚更新世,沉积环境自下而上为河口相-河湖相-潮坪相-滨海相-河湖相,与王店海侵-杭州海侵时期对应,包括两个气候旋回;0～15.4 m为河口相-河湖相-泻湖相沉积环境的全新世,对应富阳海侵,包括一个气候旋回。     

基于属性理论的长株潭城市群生态系统健康评价

城市生态系统是一种高度人工化的自然-社会-经济复合生态系统,其健康状况直接影响到城市的可持续发展。针对城市生态系统健康评价标准的不确定性问题,在构建评价指标体系的基础上,提出了基于属性理论的城市生态系统健康评价模型及评价方法。以长株潭城市群为研究区域,运用该模型和方法对其生态系统健康进行了综合评价。评价结果表明：长株潭城市群的生态系统现状属于一般健康类,其中自然生态子系统对区域整体健康状况有较大影响,评价结果与实际情况大体吻合。通过对各子系统层的健康度分析,识别了健康限制因素,并提出了相应的调控措施。采用属性理论方法开展城市生态系统健康评价,能较好地识别系统层综合健康状况和子系统层的健康状况,具有一定的实用价值,其评价结果为促进城市生态建设,有效实施生态系统健康管理提供了科学依据。     

无线火灾传感网络故障诊断在工业建筑的应用

本文使用粗糙集中一种改进的基于差别矩阵和属性选择的属性约简算法,对故障样本数据进行约简,得到最小约简集,结合使用新旧版本的BP神经网络,对工业建筑节点故障进行检测,仿真实验结果得到采用RS-new BP神经网络比old BP神经网络的迭代次数减少了61次,正确率提高了7.11%。     

北京东南郊典型地层重金属分布特征与潜在生态风险

选择北京东南郊地区典型污染场地,基于不同地质剖面重金属(Cu、Pb、Cr、As)的分布特征分析,运用多元统计分析和潜在风险指数方法,研究土层中重金属的分布特征与潜在生态风险评价.结果表明,研究区土层剖面重金属含量大小顺序均为:CrCuAsPb,3~6 m地层重金属的变异系数介于59.60%~159.33%,均属于高度变异.重金属Cu、Pb含量与有机质(SOM)、阳离子交换量(CEC)等具有显著正相关性,在第1和第2因子上具有较高载荷系数,表现出土层有机胶体类组分对于重金属赋存的影响.典型地层重金属的潜在风险程度:AsCuPbCr,其中As含量已达到中等潜在生态风险.     

Have a correct understanding of the attribute of geologicenvironment give full play to the role ofgeoscience in environmental protection

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Spatial error propagation when computing linear combinations of spectral bands: The case of vegetation indices

The collection of accurate and timely information on land use, crops, forest and vegetation are increasingly based on remote sensing spectral measurements produced by satellites. The most recent spacecrafts like the Earth Observing 1 (EO-1) produce a rich source of information being endowed with hyperspectral sensors that can provide up to 200 or more channels. In many instances such a multivariate signal has to be reduced to just one single value per pixel representing a particular characteristic of land. Linear combinations of bands are the general form of many indices. Since each individual image used to construct indices contains errors, when combined they produce a propagation of errors, a process that can distort a final output map. In this paper we measure the extent of error propagation when building linear vegetation indices. We consider three types of indices: the difference vegetation index (DVI), selected Kauth-Thomas indices (SBI, GVI and WET), and principal components, using benchmarking examples taken from the remote sensing literature. The main implication emerging from these examples is that the SBI and the first principal component are the indices more prone to error propagation. The formalization presented here allows a user to derive measures of error propagation in cases where technical characteristics of a sensor and physical characteristics of a landscape are known. These results can help a user to choose between alternative vegetation indices, and to associate a measure of reliability with such indices.