论环境合同的“软法”属性及其证成

对于环境合同的属性的认识主要存在绅士协议说与契约说两种观点,但从软法的视角对环境合同性质进行界定则鲜有论述。作为人类社会行为规范的一种表现形式,软法在世界各国早已存在,只是在国内法语境层面上探讨的相对较少。环境合同的软法属性的证成正是基于环境合同的性质与软法构成要件之间的契合以及环境法软法渊源形态具有的动态、开放、与时俱进的特性。     

无线火灾传感网络故障诊断在工业建筑的应用

本文使用粗糙集中一种改进的基于差别矩阵和属性选择的属性约简算法,对故障样本数据进行约简,得到最小约简集,结合使用新旧版本的BP神经网络,对工业建筑节点故障进行检测,仿真实验结果得到采用RS-new BP神经网络比old BP神经网络的迭代次数减少了61次,正确率提高了7.11%。     

基于属性约简的绝缘节破损预测

准确的绝缘节破损预测能够保证铁路运输安全和经济效益。支持向量机算法能够处理轨道电路测试数据,对其进行分类,预测可能存在隐患的绝缘节,但支持向量机预测模型的原始样本多有冗余,基于此,提出了一种基于粗糙集和支持向量机的绝缘节破损预测模型。通过改进主分量启发式属性约简算法,降低样本维数,同时选用模拟退火算法完成SVM自动参数选优。实例分析和仿真结果表明,与单一支持向量机算法相比,属性约简后的粗糙集-支持向量机算法提高了分类器的分类性能,与采用网格搜索技术的SVM预测方法相比,模拟退火算法有效提高了SVM的预测精度。     

对安全系统运行机制的探讨——安全系统本征与结构

通过对安全系统本质属性的再认识,提出了安全系统具有客观性、本征性、目的性、环境性和结构性的特点;论证安全系统是开放的、动态系统,非线性系统,远离原始态的系统;阐述安全系统如何从原始态自组织转变到耗散结构,从而提出安全系统是以耗散结构形式存在的,同时通过对安全系统流入负熵流和排出正熵流,使得安全系统的剩余熵减少。安全系统以稳定态为中心,通过在非线性区的扰动造成安全系统质的变化,分析了安全系统耗散结构形成的过程。     

Have a correct understanding of the attribute of geologicenvironment give full play to the role ofgeoscience in environmental protection

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Spatial error propagation when computing linear combinations of spectral bands: The case of vegetation indices

The collection of accurate and timely information on land use, crops, forest and vegetation are increasingly based on remote sensing spectral measurements produced by satellites. The most recent spacecrafts like the Earth Observing 1 (EO-1) produce a rich source of information being endowed with hyperspectral sensors that can provide up to 200 or more channels. In many instances such a multivariate signal has to be reduced to just one single value per pixel representing a particular characteristic of land. Linear combinations of bands are the general form of many indices. Since each individual image used to construct indices contains errors, when combined they produce a propagation of errors, a process that can distort a final output map. In this paper we measure the extent of error propagation when building linear vegetation indices. We consider three types of indices: the difference vegetation index (DVI), selected Kauth-Thomas indices (SBI, GVI and WET), and principal components, using benchmarking examples taken from the remote sensing literature. The main implication emerging from these examples is that the SBI and the first principal component are the indices more prone to error propagation. The formalization presented here allows a user to derive measures of error propagation in cases where technical characteristics of a sensor and physical characteristics of a landscape are known. These results can help a user to choose between alternative vegetation indices, and to associate a measure of reliability with such indices.     

IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF OUTDOOR RECREATION HABITATS: THE RECREATION HABITAT ANALYSIS METHOD1

ABSTRACT: This paper describes a concept for identification and ranking of outdoor recreation habitats using principles of ecology as a guide. The Habitat Evaluation Procedures (HEP) is a commonly used technique for assessment of human impacts on the vigor of wildlife species, and serves as the model for the Recreation Habitat Analysis Method (RHAM). Recreation activities are dependent on habitat attributes for their success just as are wildlife species. A sample model is described for recreation activities at large, multipurpose lakes. RHAM could be applied to recreation experiences in a variety of settings including smaller water bodies and riparian and terrestrial ecosystems.     

环境污染应急处置技术的CBR-MADM两步筛选法模型

突发环境污染事件进行应急处置时,需要在历史案例库和处置技术库的基础上通过筛选模型筛选出最适宜的应急处置技术.其中筛选的效率和准确性是构建技术筛选模型的首要因素,目前尚无较为满意的解决方案.本文结合案例推理技术(CBR)和模糊多属性群决策模型(MADM)的优势,建立了环境污染应急处置技术的CBR-MADM两步筛选法模型:第1步,先利用基于熵权G1法的CBR推理从案例库中匹配案例,再从相似度最高的几个案例中提取应急处置技术作为备选技术;第2步,利用MADM对备选技术进行筛选和决策.CBR-MADM两步筛选法既充分利用了历史处置经验,又极大地提高了应急处置技术的筛选速度和效率.将该方法应用于2012年底山西长治浊漳河苯胺泄漏污染事件中,成功筛选出“投加混凝剂-活性炭坝拦截”技术,同实际情况吻合,验证了其适用性和可行性.     

基于多准则判断的城市边缘区界定及其特征

论文在总结前人研究的基础上提出城市特征属性概念,构建了一套基于多准则判断的评价指标体系和城市边缘区界定方法。利用累积频率图和K_Means空间聚类法确定了城市边缘区界定标准,对广州市城市边缘区进行划分。实验结果表明:城市边缘区主要分布于主城区和若干中心镇周围,随城市交通轴线发散分布,平均城市特征属性为0.292。边缘区总面积占广州总面积的46.73%,主要分布于番禺、白云、花都3个区,共占城市边缘区总面积的76.511%。海珠、荔湾的城市边缘区形状较为紧凑,紧凑度指数分别为4.127 2、3.472 5;白云、番禺、花都的城市边缘区形态较为破碎,紧凑度指数分别为7.847 2、7.199 3、7.525 5。     

模糊多属性决策在垃圾卫生填埋场选址中的应用

根据垃圾卫生填埋场选址的影响因素及其权重具有模糊性的特点,提出采用模糊多属性决策方法来解决垃圾卫生填埋场选址的问题。本文在分析垃圾卫生填埋场选址的主要影响因素的基础上,阐述了采用模糊多属性决策进行填埋场场址优选的思路、原理和方法,并通过具体算例证明了该法应用于填埋场选址的可行性与合理性。