‘It's off to work we go!’ Person–environment fit and turnover intentions in managerial and administrative mining personnel

Purpose. Person–environment fit asserts that incompatibility between an employee and aspects of their work environment is more likely to lead to occupational stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact that varying levels of person–environment fit had on key criterion outcomes including work engagement, work-related wellbeing and turnover intentions in a unique sample of managerial and administrative mining personnel. Method. An online self-report survey was distributed to an Australian mining organization by the company’s Chief Executive Officer. Anonymous survey links were sent to staff, of which 118 participants responded. The survey consisted of previously validated measures. Results. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed significant relationships between abilities–demand fit, needs–supply fit and work engagement. Additionally, work-related wellbeing was significantly associated with increased person–organization fit and needs–supply fit. However, only needs–supply fit had a significant negative relationship with turnover intentions. Needs–supply fit significantly predicted all criterion variables. Conclusions. This study found that personal need fulfilment through work-related activities had the most significant impact on work-related wellbeing and work engagement. Personal need fulfilment through work also produced the most significant negative relationship with turnover intentions.     

A pre/post evaluation of fatigue,stress and vigilance amongst commercially licensed truck drivers performing a prolonged driving task

Purpose. The main purpose of this research study was to evaluate changes in fatigue, stress and vigilance amongst commercially licensed truck drivers involved in a prolonged driving task. The secondary purpose was to determine whether a new ergonomic seat could help reduce both physical and cognitive fatigue during a prolonged driving task. Two different truck seats were evaluated: an industrial standard seat and a new truck seat prototype. Methods. Twenty male truck drivers were recruited to attend two testing sessions, on two separate days, with each session randomized for seat design. During each session, participants performed two 10-min simulated driving tasks. Between simulated sessions, participants drove a long-haul truck for 90 min. Fatigue and stress were quantified using a series of questionnaires whereas vigilance was measured using a standardized computer test. Results. Seat interactions had a significant effect on fatigue patterns. Conclusion. The new ergonomic seat design holds potential in improving road safety and vehicle accidents due to fatigue-related accidents.     

Comparative proteomic study and functional analysis of translationally controlled tumor protein in rice roots under Hg2+ stress

So far, very little is known about mercury stress-induced intercellular metabolic changes in rice roots at the proteome level. To investigate the response of rice roots to mercury stress, changes in protein expression in rice roots were analyzed using a comparative proteomics approach. Six-leaf stage rice seedlings were treated with 50 μmol/L HgCl₂ for 3 hr; 29 protein spots showed a significant changes in abundance under stress when compared with the Hg²⁺-tolerant rice mutant and wild type (Zhonghua 11). Furthermore, all these protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry to match 27 diverse protein species. The identified proteins were involved in several processes, including stress response, redox homeostasis, signal transduction, regulation and metabolism; some were found to be cellular structure proteins and a few were unknown. Among the up-regulated proteins, OsTCTP (translationally controlled tumor protein) was chosen to perform hetereologous expression in yeast which was presumed to participate in the Hg²⁺ tolerance of rice, providing evidence for its role in alleviating Hg²⁺ damage. Among the many tests, we found that OsTCTP-overexpressed yeast strains were more resistant to Hg²⁺ than wild-type yeast. Thus, we propose that OsTCTP contributes to Hg²⁺ resistance. Here we present, for the first time, the functional characterization of OsTCTP in connection with Hg²⁺ stress in plants.     

水力压裂有效压裂半径的影响因素研究*

为改善水力压裂增透效果,提高煤层瓦斯抽采效率,减少矿井瓦斯灾害,明确不同因素对水力压裂有效压裂半径的影响,基于Mohr-Coulomb准则建立水力压裂渗流—损伤耦合方程,并且求得水力压裂破裂区半径运算公式;运用ABAQUS软件模拟并分析地应力σ、注水水压P、压裂孔径d及弹性模量E对水力压裂有效压裂半径L的影响;并通过灰色关联分析方法确定水力压裂有效压裂半径的主控因素。研究结果表明:水力压裂有效压裂半径与注水水压、压裂孔径及弹性模量呈递增关系,与煤层地应力呈递减关系;水力压裂有效压裂半径受煤层地应力的影响最大,注水水压次之,受压裂孔径和弹性模量的影响相对较弱。     

高地应力条件下Q系统在某勘探洞围岩分类中的应用

西南地区某水电站勘探洞高地应力是一个突出问题,高地应力洞段岩体属于坚硬岩或较坚硬岩,主要破坏方式是岩爆。高地应力区非岩爆岩体中未见结构性流变和软岩塑性流动等变形破坏现象,岩体质量较好。通过对岩体质量分类Q系统在该勘探洞高地应力洞段的应用,发现Q系统对于高地应力区非岩爆段岩体没有给出相应的SRF值;岩爆的发育条件是多方面的,但Q系统对岩爆的发育条件考虑较单一,所以它在高地应力区岩爆段的分类结果不能准确地体现出岩爆的等级和围岩类别。基于这2个问题,本文对Q系统做了相应的修改,以适应该勘探洞围岩分类,从修改后Q系统的分类结果看,效果良好。     

浅述职业紧张对员工健康的影响及干预策略

随着医学模式从生物医学模式向生物—心理—社会医学模式的转变,心理社会因素对健康的影响日益加重。文章探讨职业紧张与健康的关系及其可能会给作业员工健康造成的损害和相关干预措施。得出:职业紧张对健康的影响是较长时间内过大的压力所表现出来的累积性反应,其发展过程是缓慢和渐进的,可能会出现高血压、冠心病、中风、睡眠障碍等症状,在日常工作中,有必要采取有针对性的干预措施,其最基本的办法是干预生产活动中的紧张因素,提高作业员工的控制和适应能力,最终达到良性循环。     

Stressful but rewarding: Norwegian personnel mobilised for the 2004 tsunami disaster

Adequate responses to disasters and emergency situations rely, among other factors, on coping abilities in disaster workers and emergency personnel. In this study, different aspects of disaster-related stressors and training/experience were investigated in Norwegian personnel (n = 581) mobilised for the 2004 tsunami disaster. The level of stress reactions, measured nine to ten months after the tsunami, was relatively low in this sample, indicating that the personnel coped well with the challenges of the disaster. The level of intrusive memories was higher in disaster-area personnel (n = 335) than in home-base personnel (n = 246). Stress reactions were significantly associated with witnessing experiences (disaster-area group) and with having to reject victims in need of help (both groups). Specific preparation for the mission was associated with a lower level of stress reactions in disaster-area personnel. Such factors may be considered in training and preparation programmes for disaster workers.     

地下管线的有效应力地震反应分析

地下管线的地震反应与管线周围土体的动力特性以及管土之间的相互作用密切相关。在地震作用下,孔隙水压力的发展会导致土体有效应力的降低,并且影响土体的动力特性。根据有效应力方法以及土体的非线性动力本构模型,可以研究孔隙水压力的增长与消散、有效应力的降低以及土动力特性的变化。在地下管线与周围土体之间引入接触单元,来模拟管土之间的接触传递问题;通过有限单元法,对地下管线的地震反应进行了全过程地震反应分析的数值模拟。计算结果表明:在地震作用下,孔隙水压力的增长造成了土体的软化,使得土体的动力特性发生变化,因此管线的地震响应也发生了相应的变化。     

南黄海北部坳陷丛集地震的环境应力特征

对2001~2002年发生在南黄海北部坳陷的丛集地震的构造背景进行了分析,计算和研究了地震丛集过程中环境应力值的演化,讨论了2002-07-23 ML5.1地震发生的背景及其力学机制。研究结果表明,地震丛集过程的中止与中强地震的发生有关;丛集地震形成的初期和中期的平均环境应力值要高于丛集形成之前但低于ML5.1地震发生前夕,丛集后期的平均环境应力值则因ML5.1地震的发生而有所下降。该研究对于今后利用丛集地震及其环境应力值的变化分析和预测中强地震的发生有重要参考意义。