3个品种水稻种子萌发对酸雨胁迫的响应

为了探索不同水稻种植区水稻品种对酸雨胁迫的响应规律,采用室内实验方法研究pH值为2.0、2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0、5.0的模拟酸雨对隆安优8、天协1、协优57水稻品种种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和异状发芽率5个指标的影响.结果表明:酸雨持续胁迫7d后,上述3个品种的发芽势(率)、发芽(活力)指数随胁迫强度增加(pH值为5.0～3.0)呈先增后减的变化,pH值为2.5时种子仅有异状发芽,pH值为2.0时均不发芽;3者的发芽势(率)、发芽(活力)指数等均与胁迫时间(1～7d)呈显著负相关(异状发芽率呈正相关).综合分析认为,酸雨对3个水稻品种的伤害阈限为pH值2.5～3.5;一定胁强(pH值为2.5)下,3类种子上述5项萌发指标与CK呈显著差异的胁时不同:隆安优8、协优57(4d,2d,2d,2d,4d)大于或等天协1(3d,2d,2d,2d,3d),表明3者对酸雨的抗性存在一定差异,即隆安优8、协优57大于天协1.     

The effects of exogenous salicylic acid on growth and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings under lead stress

Salicylic acid （SA） was an essential component of the plant resistance to pathogens and also plays an important role in mediating plant response to some abiotic stress. The possible effects of SA on the growth and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings under lead stress were studied. When rice seedlings grown in nutrient solution containing Pb^2＋ （0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25 mmol/L） for 18 d, the plant biomass as well as the chlorophyll content of leaves decreased with increasing Pb concentration. The pre-treatment with SA （treated with 0.1 mmol/L SA for 48 h before Pb stress） partially protected seedlings from Pb toxicity. The chlorophyll contents were significant higher in leaves of Pb-exposed with SA pre-treatment seedlings than in Pb-exposed plants at the same Pb intensity. SA pre-treated alone could significantly increase the length of shoot and root of seedlings but the vigour difference was not marked under long-term exposure to Pb toxicity. SA pre-treated influence the H2O2 level in leaves of seedlings by up-regulating the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, repressing the activity of catalase （CAT） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） depending on the concentrations of Pb^2＋ in the growth medium. The results supported the conclusion that SA played a positive role in rice seedlings against Pb toxicity.     

Interactions of zinc and cadmium toxicity in their effects on growth and in antioxidative systems in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum)

The interaction between zinc and cadmium was investigated in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). Ten-day-old seedlings were treated with 10 μmol/L CDC12 associated to different concentrations of ZnC12 (10, 50, 100, and 150 μmol/L). Zn supply clearly reduced Cd accumulation in leaves and simultaneously increased Zn concentration. Cd induced oxidative stress in leaves as indicated by an increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) level and chlorophyll breakdown. Furthermore, compared with control, Cdtreate plants had significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), whereas, catalase (CAT, EC 1.111.1.6),ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) activities were significantly suppressed by Cd addition. Zn supplementation, at low level, restored and enhanced the functional activity of these enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX and GR) as compared to Cd-alone-treated plants. The beneficial effect of adequate Zn level on Cd toxicity was confirmed by a significant decrease in TBARS level and restoration of chlorophyll content. However, when Zn was added at high level in combination with Cd there was an accumulation of oxidative stress, which was higher than that for Cd or excess Zn alone treatments. These results suggested that higher Zn concentrations and Cd are synergistic in their effect on plant growth parameters and oxidative stress.     

自然贮存场自然环境剖面归纳处理

针对某自然贮存场近几年的自然环境因素数据,应用小波分析理论对温度数据的周期分量和随机分量进行了分离.在数据分离的基础上,根据阿仑尼斯方程对年温度数据的周期分量,进行了等效平均,获得以热天、冷天划分的年恒定温度剖面.根据Manson-coffin模型对温度数据的随机分量进行了等效循环处理,最后综合得到贮存场的试验室模拟试...     

沙层应变观测特征的初步研究

沙层应变观测是一个全新的前兆观测,目前对它的研究还非常少,用淮安台、怀来台及合肥台的数据进行了对比,通过日变化特征、长期变化特征、年变化特征、干扰因素及噪声分析几个方面,从而对该观测手段进行更进一步的分析。     

Effect of solid contents on the controlled shear stress rheological properties of different types of sludge

Controlled shear stress (CSS) test was used to study the effect of solid contents on the corresponding rheological parameters for sludge. Three types of sludge with or without conditioning, including activated sludge (AS), anaerobic digested sludge (ADS), and water treatment residuals (WTRs), were collected for the CSS test. Results showed that the yield stress and the cohesion energy of the sludge networks were improved with increased total suspending solid (TSS) contents in most cases. For the conditioned AS/ADS and the raw WTRs, exponential law was observed in the relationships between cohesion energy of material networks or yield stress and the TSS contents, whereas for the conditioned WTRs, only exponential law dependence was found between the parameters of shear modulus or critical strain and the TSS contents.     

Comparative proteomic study and functional analysis of translationally controlled tumor protein in rice roots under Hg2+ stress

So far, very little is known about mercury stress-induced intercellular metabolic changes in rice roots at the proteome level. To investigate the response of rice roots to mercury stress, changes in protein expression in rice roots were analyzed using a comparative proteomics approach. Six-leaf stage rice seedlings were treated with 50 μmol/L HgCl₂ for 3 hr; 29 protein spots showed a significant changes in abundance under stress when compared with the Hg²⁺-tolerant rice mutant and wild type (Zhonghua 11). Furthermore, all these protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry to match 27 diverse protein species. The identified proteins were involved in several processes, including stress response, redox homeostasis, signal transduction, regulation and metabolism; some were found to be cellular structure proteins and a few were unknown. Among the up-regulated proteins, OsTCTP (translationally controlled tumor protein) was chosen to perform hetereologous expression in yeast which was presumed to participate in the Hg²⁺ tolerance of rice, providing evidence for its role in alleviating Hg²⁺ damage. Among the many tests, we found that OsTCTP-overexpressed yeast strains were more resistant to Hg²⁺ than wild-type yeast. Thus, we propose that OsTCTP contributes to Hg²⁺ resistance. Here we present, for the first time, the functional characterization of OsTCTP in connection with Hg²⁺ stress in plants.     

巨大芽孢杆菌对土壤理化性质及植物富集镉锌的影响

不同生物之间存在复杂相互作用,构建多元生物协同修复有利于提高修复效果.微生物群落繁殖快,适应性强以及抗逆性等优势在土壤重金属污染治理中发挥着重要作用.以巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium）为供试菌株,以包心芥菜［Brassica juncea（L.） Czerniak.］为供试植物,探究二者联合作用下修复Cd和Zn污染土壤的可行性.首先开展60 d室内培养试验,明确巨大芽孢杆菌活化土壤Cd和Zn含量的潜力及改善土壤质量的可行性;进而通过盆栽试验探究巨大芽孢杆菌对包心芥菜富集重金属的影响.结果表明室内培养条件下,巨大芽孢杆菌能够显著降低土壤pH值,土壤有效态Cd和Zn含量显著增加,与对照相比,增幅分别为24%~47%和11%~13%;同时土壤磷酸酶（ALP）、蔗糖酶（SU）和脲酶（UR）活性明显改善.盆栽试验结果表明,与对照相比,接菌处理显著提高了包心芥菜生物量,增幅为10%~23%.同时植物富集Cd和Zn含量升高：植物地上和地下部分Cd富集浓度分别为对照组的1.61~1.70倍和1.05~1.15倍;不同部位对Zn的富集浓度分别为对照的1.38~1.61倍和1.47~1.53倍.相关性分析结果表明,土壤pH值是引起土壤重金属有效态活性和酶活性改变的关键因素.接菌处理下,植物过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性对增强植物抗逆性更为显著.试验结果初步证实了巨大芽孢杆菌-包心芥菜联合修复Cd和Zn污染土壤的可行性.     

水力压裂有效压裂半径的影响因素研究*

为改善水力压裂增透效果,提高煤层瓦斯抽采效率,减少矿井瓦斯灾害,明确不同因素对水力压裂有效压裂半径的影响,基于Mohr-Coulomb准则建立水力压裂渗流—损伤耦合方程,并且求得水力压裂破裂区半径运算公式;运用ABAQUS软件模拟并分析地应力σ、注水水压P、压裂孔径d及弹性模量E对水力压裂有效压裂半径L的影响;并通过灰色关联分析方法确定水力压裂有效压裂半径的主控因素。研究结果表明:水力压裂有效压裂半径与注水水压、压裂孔径及弹性模量呈递增关系,与煤层地应力呈递减关系;水力压裂有效压裂半径受煤层地应力的影响最大,注水水压次之,受压裂孔径和弹性模量的影响相对较弱。     

Factors affecting the adoption of multiple climate‐smart agricultural practices in the Indo‐Gangetic Plains of India

Climate change poses a major threat to agricultural production and food security in India, and climate‐smart agriculture (CSA) is crucial in addressing the potential impacts. Using survey data from 1,267 farm households in 25 villages from Bihar and Haryana in the Indo‐Gangetic Plains, this study analyzes the factors that determine the probability and level of adoption of multiple CSA practices, including seeds of stress‐tolerant varieties, minimum tillage, laser land leveling, site‐specific nutrient management and crop diversification. We applied a multivariate probit model for the simultaneous multiple adoption decisions, and ordered probit models for assessing the factors affecting the level of adoption. The adoption of the various CSA practices is interrelated, whereas several factors, including household characteristics, plot characteristics, market access and major climate risks are found to affect the probability and level of CSA adoption. Climate‐smart agriculture (CSA) adoption and its intensity also vary significantly between eastern Bihar, which is relatively poor and densely populated, and north‐western Haryana. Engaging multiple stakeholders such as farmers, agricultural institutions, agricultural service providers and concerned government departments at the local level is crucial for the large‐scale uptake of CSA. The study, therefore, calls for agricultural policy reforms so that most of the issues related to the uptake of CSA can be adequately addressed.