液化气球罐应力腐蚀开裂试验研究

由于炼制进口高硫原油,在炼油球罐检验中发现越来越多的内表面应力腐蚀裂纹。对球罐应力腐蚀开裂的原因和主要影响因素进行分析。从液化石油气球罐的安全性出发,采用线弹性断裂力学方法,针对16MnR和SPV50Q球罐所用钢材,在分析湿硫化氢环境下应力腐蚀开裂形式的基础上,通过改进的WOL预裂纹试样的应力腐蚀开裂试验,对不同球罐所用钢材、不同硫化氢浓度、不同焊接状态条件下的应力腐蚀开裂进行研究,并对设备所采用的材料、所处的介质浓度、材料的热处理状况等进行分析,并提出了防止对策。该方法也适用于液化石油气球罐应力腐蚀开裂,以预测事故的发生。     

Responses of two cultivars of Trifolium repens L. to ethylene diurea in relation to ambient ozone

Three ethylene diurea(EDU) concentrations(0,150 and 300 mg/L) were used to evaluate the negative impact of ozone(O3) on two cultivars of Trifolium repens L.cv.Vardan and Bundel grown under natural field conditions in a suburban area of Varanasi,India.Mean O3 concentrations varied from 30.3 to 46.6 μg/L during the experimental period.Higher photosynthetic pigments and ascorbic acid concentrations were noticed in both EDU-treated cultivars over non-EDU-treated ones,but a reverse trend was found for lipid peroxidation.Growth parameters and biomass also showed increments under EDU treatment of both cultivars.The ratio of variable fluorescence to maximum fluorescence increased significantly in Vardan but not in Bundel upon EDU treatment.Results revealed that EDU concentration of 300 mg/L was more effective to combat the oxidative stress as well as protecting plants from O3 injury symptoms.The test cultivar Vardan is relatively sensitive to O3,thereby can be used as a bioindicator of O3 pollution in areas having higher O3 concentrations.Results also indicated that Bundel has more efficient antioxidant defense system than Vardan and hence was more tolerant to O3 stress.     

Enantioselective induction of oxidative stress by acetofenate in rat PC12 cells

In a non-chiral environment,the enantiomers of a racemate possessed the identical physico-chemical properties,but in the biological systems they possessed different activities.Considering that the involvement of oxidative damage has been implicated in the toxicities of various pesticides,this study investigated the possibility of enantioselective oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induction by acetofenate (AF) which contains an asymmetrical center on PC12 cells.The results of the cytotoxicity assay indicated that S-(+)-AF presented more toxic effects than R-(-)-AF and (±)-AF.It also demonstrated that S-(+)-AF possessed the strongest effects in induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production,decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities,and increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level.These results suggested that AF and its enantiomers could induce enantioselective cytotoxicity in PC12 cells mediated by oxidative stress.Therefore,the assessment in environmental safety and new chiral pesticide development should consider enantioselectivity.     

Effect of sub-acute exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles on oxidative stress and histopathological changes in Juvenile Carp （Cyprinus carpio）

Increasing application of nanotechnology highlights the need to clarify and understand nanotoxicity. Mammalian and in vitro studies have raised concerns about the toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs), but there are limited data on ecotoxicity to aquatic organisms. In this work, the sub-acute toxicity of TiO₂-NPs to carp (Cyprinus carpio) was assessed. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in liver, gill and brain tissues of carps varied with concentration of TiO₂-NPs suspensions and exposure time (up to 8 d). As a result, 100 and 200 mg/L TiO₂-NPs caused statistically significant decrease in SOD, CAT and POD activities and significant increase in LPO levels in tissues (P < 0.05), suggesting that the fish exposed to these two concentrations of TiO₂-NPs suffered from the oxidative stress. The extent of depletion of antioxidant enzymes activities and the elevation of LPO in the liver was the greatest, indicating that the liver might be the most susceptible organ to TiO₂-NPs exposure. In addition, carps had gill pathologies including edema and thickening of gill lamellae as well as gill filaments, and liver pathologies including necrotic and apoptosis hepatocytes after exposed to 100 and 200 mg/L TiO₂-NPs for 20 d. These results indicated a potential risk from TiO₂-NPs released into the aqueous environment.     

菹草对铵氮和硝氮急性胁迫的响应

利用水族箱研究了在单一的铵氮和硝氮急性胁迫下.3d内菹草的现存量、生产力、叶绿素与可溶性蛋白质含量以及SOD和POD活性的变化特点.结果表明:铵氮胁迫下,菹草现存量增加百分比与铵氮浓度间显著负相关;铵氮＞1.56mg/L时,菹草现存量、生产力、可溶性蛋白含量开始明显下降.生长受到抑制;叶绿素含量在胁迫6h时无明显变化,在高浓度的铵氮胁迫24和72h时,含量明显下降;随着胁迫时间延长,SOD活性明显升高时对应的胁迫浓度越来越低,而在高浓度的铵氮胁迫下,活性明显下降;POD活性随着胁迫浓度的提高,在6、24和72h时,均先升后降.在0～200mg/L的硝氮胁迫下.菹草现存量先升后降,但其最低值与对照无明显差异;随着胁迫浓度增加,蛋白质含量在胁迫6h时无明显变化,24和72h时先升后降;叶绿素含量无明显变化,SOD活性持续升高;POD活性除在＞25mg/L的硝氮作用72h时下降外,均随硝氮浓度增加而增加.总生产力在硝氮≤100mg/L时无明显下降.NH4-对菹草的毒性远大于NO3-.     

盐胁迫对无瓣海桑幼苗根茎叶膜保护系统的影响

通过对无瓣海桑用不同盐度的水3个月的处理,发现无瓣海桑根、茎、叶中蛋白质含量与可溶性总糖含量随盐度的变化而变化.当盐度高于10时,无瓣海桑茎、叶的膜脂质过氧化破坏显著加强.植物体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性也明显增加,两者具有很好的相关性(R2=0.914).随着盐度的升高,无瓣海桑各器官过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性都增强.根据试验结果,无瓣海桑能够在高盐度(50)下存活3个月.在盐度为0-10时,Sa在生理生态上表现对盐环境的适应性.当盐度高于20时,无瓣海桑的生理表现较为敏感,膜脂质氧化破坏严重.     

酸雨胁迫对大豆种子萌发过程中能量代谢的影响

为探索酸雨胁迫对大豆种子萌发过程中能量代谢的影响,采用pH2.0,2.5,4.0模拟酸雨处理大豆(台湾292)种子,研究不同强度酸雨胁迫对大豆种子呼吸速率,CAT活性,线粒体蛋白与ATP含量及能荷的影响.结果表明,随着酸雨胁迫强度增加(pH≤2.5),上述指标均呈下降趋势.高强度酸雨(pH为2.0)对大豆种子萌发时能量代谢的影响是最大的.     

基于构造应变对隧道初始地应力场的反演分析

岩体中的初始地应力场是岩体稳定性与工程运营必须考虑的重要因素。以东营子隧道工程为例,以隧址区构造应变作为待求解的约束条件,结合工程地质条件和实测地应力资料,运用有限元软件对隧址区地应力场进行了回归反演分析。结果表明:基于区域构造应变获得的隧址区初始应力场克服了边界条件对地应力场的影响,更加准确地反映了隧址区地应力场的分布规律,可为隧道围岩稳定性分析提供准确的位移边界条件。     

某型导弹尾翼弹簧贮存寿命评估

应力松弛是弹簧的主要失效形式之一,温度对其影响明显。利用温度加速试验方法,对某尾翼弹簧的贮存寿命进行了研究。设计并制造了弹簧的应力松弛试验装置,利用该装置对弹簧设计了4个试验温度点,并以弹簧应力损失率下降10％为失效指标,根据阿伦尼乌斯方程对弹簧进行了贮存寿命预测,评估了该弹簧在室温条件下的贮存寿命。     

水位变动对库区边坡稳定性的影响机理研究

利用数值模拟手段,对选定的库区边坡进行稳定性分析,得到了不同水位变动情况下的边坡稳定情况。认为水位的变动类型和变动率会对边坡的稳定造成影响,但影响效果不一样。从数学解析角度出发,推导出了库区水位上升与下降时,水力梯度与水流渗透方向、边坡倾斜角度三者之间较为理想化的关系形式。在此基础上,对边坡体内不同部位的水流情况以及所带来的影响进行了分析。进一步的,还从有效应力的角度,对水位变动影响边坡稳定性的机理进行了研究,且由不同方法所得的结论能够较好的相互印证。