两种咪唑氯盐类离子液体对水稻幼苗根部的毒性效应

按照毒性试验标准方法研究了1-癸基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([DMIM]Cl)、1-十二烷基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([C12MIM]Cl)对水稻幼苗生长的影响,测定了水稻根的半数抑制浓度(IC50-5d)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、水稻根部丙二醛(MDA)含量及对水稻根系的生理影响.结果表明:两种离子液体(ILs)对水稻幼苗根部生长均具有抑制作用,随着浓度的增大抑制率增加,[DMIM]Cl和[C12MIM]Cl的根长IC50-5d分别为0.10 mg·L-1和0.054 mg·L-1,水稻幼苗根部对两种ILs均有氧化应激反应,在[DMIM]Cl和[C12MIM]Cl处理下,3种抗氧化酶活性均受到严重抑制,丙二醛(MDA)含量升高,加剧了水稻幼苗根部细胞膜脂质过氧化作用.[DMIM]Cl和[C12MIM]Cl处理导致根系活力降低,根系质膜透性增大.     

NaCl胁迫对不同柑橘砧木品种抗氧化系统的影响

采用土培的方式,研究了不同浓度的NaCl（0,50,100,150,250,350mmol·L-1）对岑溪酸橘Citrus reticulata Blanco、龙州土柠檬CitruslimoniaOsbeck和临桂砧板柚Citrus grandis Osbeck叶片抗氧化酶（SOD、POD、CAT、APX）活性以及谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧自由基（02]含量的影响。结果表明,随着NaCI处理浓度的增加,岑溪酸橘、龙州土柠檬和临桂砧板柚3种柑橘叶片中02均有不同程度的增加,表明在NaCI处理下3种柑橘均受到了不同程度的O2-胁迫。NaCI处理对岑溪酸橘和龙州土柠檬SOD、POD活性,临桂砧板柚MDA含量的影响不显著C〉0．0S）,但引起临桂砧板柚SOD活性、岑溪酸橘和龙州土柠檬APX活性显著增加（P〈0．05）。在不同浓度的NaCI处理下,3种柑橘叶片的CAT活性均有不同程度的下降,但GSH的含量随着NaCl浓度的增加而增加,在NaCl处理浓度为350mmol·L-1时,岑溪酸橘、龙州土柠檬、临桂砧板柚GSH含量分别比对照提高了137％、59．1％、90．8％,表明GSH在解毒NaCl胁迫时起重要作用。     

综合环境应力可靠性试验系统的配置设计及主要技术指标论证

综合环境应力可靠性试验系统是实施电子设备可靠性试验的重要技术手段，根据试验对象的试验技术要求编制试验设备系统配置及主要技术指标是关系试验设备能否完成试验任务的关键。正确合理地编制系统配置和技术指标无论于技术角度和经济角度都有着十分重要的意义。正确的配置设计和指标论证依托于对试验设备构成技术的深入研究和相关关系的准确把握。综合环境应力可靠性试验系统的配置设计和技术指标论证方法，对其他环境试验设备的选型论证也有一定的指导意义。     

The combined toxicity and mechanism of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and nano copper oxide toward freshwater algae: Tetradesmus obliquus

Nanoparticles(NPs) are widely used for their special physical properties and released into the natural environment. When two types of NPs exist in the same environment, the presence of one type of NP may affect the properties of the other type of NP. This study investigated the toxic effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) and copper oxide nanoparticles(Cu O NPs) on Tetradesmus obliquus. Both NPs had toxic effects on algae, and the toxic effects of MWCNTs were significantly stronger tha...     

聚苯乙烯微塑料对糖尿病小鼠肾脏的影响

以糖尿病小鼠为模式生物,探究了100nm和5μφ的聚苯乙烯微塑料(PSMPs)(200μg/L)通过饮水暴露28d后对小鼠肾脏的毒性.结果表明,糖尿病小鼠对PSMPs的暴露更加敏感,100nm和5μm PSMPs暴露导致糖尿病小鼠肾脏出现明显的炎性细胞浸润和淤血等病理损伤,且 100nm PSMPs对肾脏造成的病理损伤...     

Should we be “challenging” employees?: A critical review and meta‐analysis of the challenge‐hindrance model of stress

The challenge‐hindrance model of stress proposes that stressors can be divided into two distinct groups: those that challenge employees and those that hinder employees. This critical review seeks to explain the history of the model and its basic tenets, while succinctly summarizing the findings of existing studies based on the model. A thorough search of the stress literature uncovered 32 studies that specifically examined the relationship between challenge and hindrance stressors and important personal/organizational variables. Results were reviewed and analyzed, specifically by describing past meta‐analyses on the model, looking at the overall pattern of results from primary studies, and meta‐analyzing the relationships presented in those papers. This synthesis suggests that although there are some differential relationships of challenge and hindrance stressors with organizational variables (e.g., performance and engagement), the relationships to other key variables, such as counterproductive work behaviors, psychological strains, and physical health, are consistently negative for both challenge and hindrance stressors. Thus, we propose that stress research move away from the current challenge‐hindrance model in favor of other established models and/or a more appraisal‐based approach.     

Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Soy Protein Filled Elastomers

Dynamic mechanical properties including temperature effect, stress softening, and Payne effect are studied on the elastomer composites filled with soy protein or carbon black. The comparison of protein composite with well-known carbon black composites provides further insight into the protein composites. The elastomers filled with soy protein aggregates give substantial reinforcement effect when compared with the unfilled elastomers. Approximately 400 times increase in shear elastic modulus was observed when 40% by weight of protein is incorporated into the elastomers. The sample films were cast from the particle dispersion of soy protein isolate and carboxylated styrene–butadiene latex. At the higher temperatures, the shear elastic modulus of soy protein-filled composites does not decrease as much as that of the carbon black-filled composites. The behavior of elastic and loss modulus under the oscillatory strain of different magnitude is similar to that of carbon black reinforced styrene–butadiene rubber. However, carbon black composites show a better recovery behavior after eight cycles of dynamic strain. The reduction of shear elastic modulus with dynamic strain (Payne effect) was compared with Kraus model and the fitting parameter related to the aggregate structure of the soy protein. A reasonable agreement between the theoretical model and experiment was obtained, indicating the Payne effect of the protein-related network structure in the elastomers could also be described by the kinetic agglomeration de-agglomeration mechanism.     

Ecological Integrity Assessment of Lakes Using Fish Communities: An Example from Traunsee Exposed to Intensive Fishing and to Effluents from the Soda Industry

In order to analyse potential influences of soda industryeffluents on the ecological integrity of Traunsee (TS) weinvestigated the fish community of the lake in comparison witha reference lake (Hallstättersee HS) and used a reconstructionfrom the (older) literature concerning the original speciescomposition of Traunsee. Published `Index of Biotic Integrity(IBI)' metrics were considered to be of limited value due tothe relatively low species number in the oligotrophic, Alpinelake. Therefore we included, in addition to speciescomposition, studies on egg distribution, larval fishdensities, life-history parameters (i.e. growth, maturity,fecundity, age and size composition), stress levels and heavymetal content of the dominant whitefish (Coregonuslavaretus), as well as overall fish density and biomass (usinghydroacoustics) to assess the ecological status of the fishcommunity. Two of the original 18 species have disappearedfrom the lake, presumably in connection with the introductionof non-native eel (Anguilla anguilla) and theconstruction of a power plant in the outflow. Silt from grindedlimestone together with highly alkaline pore waters is emittedvia industrial wastewater from Sodaworks and covers part of thelake bottom. We observed that eggs of whitefish were spawnedmainly in the main inflowing river and close to the shore, thusavoiding the silty areas and making the anticipated damage tothe reproductive potential of whitefish neglectable. This wascorroborated by larval surveys done weekly on both lakes fromJanuary to May, which showed halve the density of whitefishlarvae in TS compared to HS. Estimates of potentially spawningfish from hydroacoustic surveys resulted in a ratio of 1(TS) :3 (HS). Analysis of whitefish revealed that they are growingfaster in TS and have higher fecundity leading to somecompensation of lower abundance. High levels of fishing in TSmight have led to this pattern and to depressed yields asindicated by the age composition. Level of oxidative stress andheavy metal content were not discernible from the referencelake. Therefore we concluded that negative impacts on theecological status of the fish community resulted from fisheriesmismanagement and a power plant situated in the outflow of thelake, considered to have damaged spawning places for somespecies, but not from soda industry effluents.     

六价铬致小鼠DNA损伤及肝肾氧化应激的实验研究

为研究六价铬(Cr(Ⅵ))摄入后对机体造成的损伤,将重铬酸钾(K2Cr2O7)以25、50、100 mg·kg-1对小鼠进行灌胃,染毒时间为1 d、3 d和5 d.检测外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤及肝肾组织活性氧自由基(ROS)水平、脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性.实验结果表明,经Cr(Ⅵ)染毒1 d、3 d和5 d后小鼠外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤及肝ROS水平与对照组相比均有明显升高,肝脏抗氧化酶活性也有显著改变,但MDA含量差异不显著,而肾组织中各指标均未见有明显改变.由此认为,经口摄入Cr(Ⅵ)后能导致DNA损伤并且对肝脏造成氧化应激.