重碳酸盐胁迫下3种能源的生理特性及无机碳利用能力对比研究

以诸葛菜、芥菜型油菜和续随子为研究对象,通过模拟喀斯特高浓度HCO-3(10mmol/L)逆境,将植物生理生化、地球化学技术应用生物质能源领域,用于喀斯特边际土地能源植物的筛选。在210d的实验期内,定期测定三种植物叶片中脯氨酸、丙二醛、叶绿素、叶绿素荧光、光合日变化、碳酸酐酶活力、叶片稳定碳同位素组成和生物质产出。通过对比发现,HCO-3胁迫条件下,诸葛菜、芥菜型油菜较续随子更为敏感,但续随子的生长易受低温影响。结果表明,诸葛菜以较高的喀斯特适生性、高碳酸酐酶活力而表现出最高的无机碳利用能力,综合诸葛菜适宜的生物质产出可推荐其作为喀斯特边际土地生物质能源植物。     

外生菌根真菌对Al3+胁迫和低钾土壤的响应

酸铝危害和土壤贫瘠是热带和亚热带森林衰亡的主要原因之一,外生菌根真菌抗铝毒和活化土壤养分有益于防止森林退化和提高森林生产力.试验在Al3+胁迫条件下,以彩色豆马勃(Pisolithus tinctorius,Pt 715)、褐环乳牛肝菌(Suillus luteus(L.:Fr.)Gray,Sl 13)和亚褐环乳牛肝菌(Suillus subluteus(Peck)Snell ex Slipp&Snell,Ss 00)等3株外生菌根真菌为材料,土壤为钾源,采用培养试验研究了它们的生长、有机酸和H+分泌,以及对土壤钾的利用.结果表明,在Al3+胁迫和缺钾下,3株外生菌根真菌的生长,氮、磷、钾吸收,以及有机酸和H+分泌均受Al3+浓度的调节.在Al3+浓度较低时,它们随浓度的增加而提高,到达峰值后又随Al3+浓度升高而降低.抗Al3+性较强的菌株出现峰值时的Al3+浓度高,反之亦然.Pt 715的生物量和氮吸收量达到峰值时的Al3+浓度分别是Ss 00和Sl 13菌株的4倍和2倍,磷钾吸收和有机酸及H+分泌量也显著高于Ss 00和Sl 13.此外,3株菌株均能利用土壤矿物结构钾,Pt 715、Ss 00和Sl 13对矿物结构钾的分解率分别高达2.10%、1.43%和1.17%,其利用能力与有机酸分泌的种类、数量和H+分泌量有关.     

基于力学分析的深井煤与瓦斯突出临界值研究

为研究应力对深井煤与瓦斯突出工作面的影响,采用力学模型分析了平行六面微元体各个面的受力情况,结合煤体强度理论和矿山压力理论,从煤体所受瓦斯压力、地应力和煤体破坏条件等方面入手,研究了三轴应力态下煤体力平衡问题.探讨了瓦斯压力、地应力、煤壁支撑力等参数和煤与瓦斯突出之间的关系.结果表明,煤与瓦斯突出的瓦斯压力临界值由采场内的应力、煤壁支撑力和煤的力学参数等确定,综合考虑上述因素后,对煤与瓦斯突出预测时瓦斯压力临界值进行了理论推导和关键参数修正,建立了包含应力、采场条件和煤的力学参数的推算瓦斯压力临界值的理论模型,并对理论模型的可靠性进行了分析.突出实例的反演表明在深部开采时,如果不考虑应力对煤与瓦斯突出的影响,会出现预测结果偏差而影响安全生产.建立的理论模型可对这种偏差进行分析和校正.     

Cadmium sulfide nanoparticle induces oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory effects in human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells

Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdSNP) are increasingly used in biological applications. This study was undertaken to understand the mechanisms underlying adverse effects of CdSNP using human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial (A549) cells. Cellular toxicity was evaluated by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide and neutral red assays. Results showed that CdSNP reduced mitochondrial function and induced lysosomal activity in concentration and time-dependent manner. CdSNP produced oxidative stress as evidenced by reduction of glutathione (GSH) levels and increase in reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation levels. Induction of caspase-3 enzymes and condensed, fragmented nuclei was observed in CdSNP-treated cells. Furthermore, the levels of interleukin-8, tumor growth factor and DNA fragmentation were significantly higher in CdSNP exposed cells. Data indicated that toxicity of CdSNP noted in A549 cells may be mediated through oxidative stress. This study warrants more comprehensive assessment of CdSNP prior to industrial applications.     

Implications of oxidative stress in occupational exposure to lead on a cellular level

The aim of this study was to determine oxidative alterations leading to cellular dysfunctions in Pb-exposed subjects by evaluating damage to all major classes of biomolecules in the cell, lipid peroxidation, protein and DNA damage and determine relationships between parameters of Pb toxicity and specific biomarkers of oxidative damage.

Analysis was conducted of smelter workers with high blood Pb and urine aminolevulinic acid levels and slightly elevated values of coproporphyrin and erythrocyte protoporphyrin IX. Significant decreases of thiol groups and increases in carbonyl groups as protein degradation end products, and of nitrite were detected. Elevated rates of lipid peroxidation and rises in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase and catalase were also observed. Both enzymes showed positive correlations with the blood lead levels and urine coproporphyrin, while thiol groups correlated negatively with the same indices. The genotoxic potential of lead was manifested through an increased number of DNA-damaged cells. Increased activities of serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes indicated cellular damage in the lungs, kidneys, and liver. These lead-induced impairments should be taken into consideration in the assessment of Pb-related health hazards.     

Recovery from job stress: The stressor‐detachment model as an integrative framework

This paper reviews empirical evidence on psychological detachment from work during nonwork time. Psychological detachment as a core recovery experience refers to refraining from job‐related activities and thoughts during nonwork time; it implies to mentally disengage from one's job while being away from work. Using the stressor‐detachment model as an organizing framework, we describe findings from between‐person and within‐person studies, relying on cross‐sectional, longitudinal, and daily‐diary designs. Overall, research shows that job stressors, particularly workload, predict low levels of psychological detachment. A lack of detachment in turn predicts high strain levels and poor individual well‐being (e.g., burnout and lower life satisfaction). Psychological detachment seems to be both a mediator and a moderator in the relationship between job stressors on the one hand and strain and poor well‐being on the other hand. We propose possible extensions of the stressor‐detachment model by suggesting moderator variables grounded in the transactional stress model. We further discuss avenues for future research and offer practical implications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

典型不锈钢在淡化海水中的耐腐蚀性能研究

目的研究316L和2205在淡化海水中的耐腐蚀性能,并研究水处理药剂对不锈钢耐蚀性的影响。方法采用电化学试验、慢应变速率拉伸试验、扫描电镜等方法。结果在淡化海水中,316L临界点蚀温度为42.7℃,加入药剂后为70.2℃;2205的临界点蚀温度大于85℃。2205耐缝隙腐蚀性能明显好于316L,药剂对2205也具有一定的缓蚀作用。316L和2205在50℃淡化海水中具有高应力腐蚀抗力。结论 316L不适合直接在淡化海水中应用,但适合在加入药剂的淡化海水中使用;2205适合在淡化海水中应用。     

铝合金表面阳极化层环境损伤失效行为研究

目的研究7B04铝合金硫酸阳极化层环境作用下的失效行为,分析单独盐雾试验和环境谱作用下阳极化层的损伤行为和影响因素。方法通过中性盐雾试验和环境谱周期性试验(盐雾试验+温度试验)研究了硫酸阳极化层在不同腐蚀时间或不同腐蚀周期下的腐蚀损伤变化过程,并采用体视显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了不同腐蚀时间下或不同腐蚀周期下的表面形貌,结合有限元方法研究了阳极化层与铝合金基体热膨胀系数不匹配引起的热应力,定量分析了热应力对阳极化层失效行为的影响。结果经历中性盐雾试验和环境谱试验的硫酸阳极化层损伤失效现象是不一样的,中性盐雾试验中硫酸阳极化层主要呈鼓起开裂失效,而环境谱试验中硫酸阳极化层以开裂剥落失效为主。结论中性盐雾试验中硫酸阳极化层主要是腐蚀介质通过表面微孔进入基体,导致基体腐蚀阳极化层鼓起,而环境谱试验因温度作用产生的热应力引起了硫酸阳极化层的开裂,形成了腐蚀介质进入基体的通道,引起阳极化层的剥落。     

某型火箭电气设备可靠性强化试验的研究与应用

目的通过可靠性强化试验提高某火箭电气设备的可靠性水平。方法分析国内外可靠性强化试验技术的发展现状,针对某火箭电气设备设计可靠性强化试验,重点阐述试验条件的制定准则、试验剖面的设计。结果通过开展某火箭电气设备可靠性强化试验,暴露了大量产品的故障信息,通过改进设计提高了产品可靠性水平。结论可靠性强化试验能够快速提高产品的可靠性水平,针对试验过程中存在的一些问题,对后续强化试验的实施提出了相应的建议。