某海域极端环境下15万吨级FPSO波浪荷载数值研究

目的 评估在役15万吨级FPSO在某海域百年一遇极端波浪作用下典型横剖面的水动力特性,进而得到FPSO的极值荷载,作为FPSO返坞改造的关键控制参数。方法 基于国产自主三维频域线性势流软件COMPASS-WALCS,建立15万吨级FPSO湿表面网格模型,根据三维绕射-辐射理论,计算湿表面上的水动力荷载,将每个绕射单元上的水动压力直接映射到结构模型上进行计算。采用谱分析方法对百年一遇海况进行分析,得到短期运动极值响应。对响应幅值算子(RAO)和波能谱密度进行谱分析,得到极端波浪下的响应谱,进而得到浮体运动和波浪荷载短期预报各种统计值,利用统计方法求得短期响应的最大值。结果 计算了船中部Fr143横剖面的载荷极值,即垂向弯矩、垂向剪力、剖面型心加速度等,发现船舶迎浪时弯矩值最大,随着浪向角增大,弯矩值逐渐减小,剖面垂向剪力则随着浪向角增大逐渐增大。结论 FPSO在极端波浪作用下,其大迎浪角条件下荷载更加危险,需要给予格外关注。     

裂纹梁损伤识别的一种新型方法

在能量有限元法研究基础上,提出了基于能量密度的结构损伤识别方法。以工程结构基本构件梁为研究对象,以能量密度突变作为损伤识别指标,对损伤结构进行了仿真;在此基础上,对结构损伤中最常见的形式——裂纹进行损伤识别试验。结果表明基于能量密度的损伤识别方法适用于中高频场合,具有对结构微小缺陷敏感、操作简便、精确度高、无需复杂数据处理等优点,有较高的工程应用价值。     

低仰角时大气折射弯曲误差分析

为进一步提高对目标的定位精度,以青岛地区为例,通过对1986- 1995年的历史探空数据进行回归分析,建立了适合当地的Hopfield折射率剖面模型,并用射线描迹法分析了大气折射弯曲误差.结果表明,在5°以下仰角时,大气折射引起的射线弯曲误差不能忽略.     

金属管件在液压机上用模具弯曲成形方法

介绍了金属管件在液压机上用模具弯曲成形的特点及优缺点。     

关于宽板塑性弯曲变薄理论解的讨论

指出了宽板塑性弯曲原理论解[1]和实验值[2]的矛盾,提出了一种新的理论解法,并与实验值作了比较,二者非常接近。     

连接管件的先进塑性成形技术试验研究

介绍了 3种先进的连接管件成形技术 ,即小弯曲半径管内压推弯成形技术、球形管接头的胀形成形技术和管件的内径滚压成形技术 ,对其基本成形过程进行了描述 ,并通过铝合金、不锈钢和钛合金管件的成形试验获得了主要工艺参数对成形的影响规律 ,结果表明采用这些方法成形所需的连接管件是非常有效的     

板料弯曲变形应力的滑移线解法

滑移线法作为一种求解塑性成形应力状态的常用方法而被广泛应用。而在板材弯曲中一般采用主应力法求解变形区的应力状态。通过对板料弯曲变形区应力分析 ,根据滑移线理论 ,推导出了变形区的应力分布规律 ,与主应力法求解的结果相同     

U型截面弯曲件失稳起皱分析

对U型截面弯曲件失稳起皱问题进行了研究,通过板材成形性能实验及起皱模拟实验,对失稳起皱原因进行了分析,为类似的异型截面弯曲件起皱的预防提供了可行的实验分析方法。     

弯曲线不重合V形件的模具设计

弯曲线不重合且其精度要求较高的V形件的弯曲,是一较为棘手的问题。本文介绍了一种利用顶板侧壁的斜面,迫使下模框内摆块转动,从而克服工件回弹,并确保弯曲精度的V形弯曲模的设计。     

Toxicity assessment and histopathological analysis of nano-ZnO against marine fish (Mugilogobius chulae) embryos

The toxicity of nano-materials has received increasing attention in recent years.Nevertheless,relatively few studies have focused on their oceanic distributions and toxicities.In this study,we assessed nano-ZnO toxicity in marine organisms using the yellowstriped goby(Mugilogobius chulae).The relative differences in nano-ZnO dissolution and dispersal in seawater and fresh water were also investigated.The effects of nano-ZnO on embryonic development,deformity,hatching,mortality,and histopathology were analyzed.In addition,the effects of the Zn~(2+) concentration on M.chulae hatching and mortality were compared.The results showed that nano-ZnO had higher solubility in seawater than in fresh water.Nano-ZnO significantly inhibited hatching.By the fifth day of exposure,the LC_(50) of nano-ZnO was 45.40 mg/L,and the mortality rate spiked.Hatching inhibition and lethality were dose-dependent over a range of1–25 mg/L nano-ZnO.Zn~(2+) inhibited hatching and increased lethality,but its effects were weaker than those of nano-ZnO at the same concentrations.Nano-ZnO also induced spinal bending,oedema,hypoplasia,and other deformities in M.chulae embryos and larvae.Histopathology revealed vacuolar degeneration,hepatocyte and enterocyte enlargement,and morphological abnormalities of the vertebrae.Therefore,nano-ZnO caused malformations in M.chulae by affecting embryonic growth and development.We conclude that nano-ZnO toxicity in seawater was significantly positively correlated with the associated Zn~(2+) concentration and sedimentary behaviour.The toxicity of nano-ZnO was cumulative and showed a critical point,beyond which embryonic and developmental toxicity in marine fish was observed.