An Evaluation of Vernal Pool Creation Projects in New England: Project Documentation from 1991–2000

Vernal pools are vulnerable to loss through development and agricultural and forestry practices owing to their isolation from open water bodies and their small size. Some vernal pool-dependent species are already listed in New England as Endangered, Threatened, or Species of Special Concern. Vernal pool creation is becoming more common in compensatory mitigation as open water ponds, in general, may be easier to create than wooded wetlands. However, research on vernal pool creation is limited. A recent National Research Council study (2001) cites vernal pools as challenging to recreate. We reviewed documentation on 15 vernal pool creation projects in New England that were required by federal regulatory action. Our purpose was to determine whether vernal pool creation for compensatory mitigation in New England replaced key vernal pool functions by assessing project goals and documentation (including mitigation plans, pool design criteria, monitoring protocols, and performance standards). Our results indicate that creation attempts often fail to replicate lost pool functions. Pool design specifications are often based on conjecture rather than on reference wetlands or created pools that function successfully. Project monitoring lacks consistency and reliability, and record keeping by regulatory agencies is inadequate. Strengthening of protection of isolated wetlands in general, and standardization across all aspects of vernal pool creation, is needed to ensure success and to promote conservation of the long-term landscape functions of vernal pools.     

Chemistry of Selected High-Elevation Lakes in Seven National Parks in the Western United States

A chemical survey of 69 high-altitude lakes in seven national parks in the western United States was conducted during the fallof 1999; the lakes were previously sampled during the fall of 1985, as part of the Western Lake Survey. Lakes in parks in the Sierra/southern Cascades (Lassen Volcanic, Yosemite, Sequoia/Kings Canyon National Parks) and in the southern RockyMountains (Rocky Mountain National Park) were very dilute; medianspecific conductance ranged from 4.4 to 12.2 S cm^-1 andmedian alkalinity concentrations ranged from 32.2 to 72.9 eqL^-1. Specific conductances and alkalinity concentrations were substantially higher in lakes in the central and northernRocky Mountains parks (Grand Teton, Yellowstone, and GlacierNational Parks), probably due to the prevalence of more reactivebedrock types. Regional patterns in lake concentrations of NO₃ and SO₄ were similar to regional patterns in NO₃ and SO₄ concentrations in precipitation, suggestingthat the lakes are showing a response to atmospheric deposition.Concentrations of NO₃ were particularly high in Rocky Mountain National Park, where some ecosystems appear to be undergoing nitrogen saturation.     

The Information Cycle as a Framework for Defining Information Goals for Water-Quality Monitoring

/ The necessity to tailor information becomes increasingly urgent as the information revolution continues to generate ever-increasing flows of data and so-called information. From European experiences, a new approach for monitoring system design is suggested in this paper. In this approach, careful and detailed specification of information needs is a major contributing factor to the effectiveness of information products. To develop better specifications for information products, the process of collecting and transforming data into useful information requires careful thought and guidance. A dialogue between information users on one hand and information producers on the other is essential. This dialogue can be based on the information cycle, describing the continuous process from specifying information needs for water management and a strategy to collect information through data collection and data analysis up to utilization of information by water management. By following the respective steps in the information cycle, the process of information gathering can be completed. The cyclic character provides a quantitative means of connecting monitoring system design and operations with the information expectations and/or products required by management.     

山东省水环境自动监测监控系统数据的应用设计和使用方法

山东省水环境自动监测监控子系统的主要功能是将全省水质自动站数据利用计算机网络、数据仓库等技术导入到环境监测数据仓库中，实现全省水环境自动监测的统一监控和监测信息的自动管理和发布。本文简单介绍了系统担制中心端监测数据统计应用部分的功能设计和实现方法。     

突发性环境污染事故应急监测准备与响应

突发性环境污染事故具有不确定性，因此要求应急监测准备工作常备不懈；应急监测准备和响应贯穿于事前、事发、事后几个阶段，包括日常准备、应急监测、结果发布、跟踪监测、经验总结等主要环节。     

山东省城市空气自动监测监控系统数据的应用设计和使用方法

山东省城市空气自动监测监控系统的主要功能是将全省城市自动监测站数据利用计算机网络、数据仓库等技术导入到环境监测数据仓库中，实现全省城市空气质量自动监测的统一监控和监测信息的自动管理和发布。本文简单介绍了系统控制中心端监测数据统计应用部分的功能设计和实现方法。     

苯法马来酸酐生产危险分析及安全控制技术

马来酸酐作为一种重要的有机化工原料和精细化工产品,其安全生产具有一定的典型性.对马来酸酐生产过程中的介质危险、过程危险及装置危险进行了分析,提出了马来酸酐装置安全控制技术措施.     

安全投入与事故直接经济损失的问题研究

通过对安全投入及事故直接经济损失的分析研究,利用最小二乘法对安全投入比例(安全投入占GDP的比例)与事故直接经济损失之间的关系进行了回归分析,确定了其对应的函数关系.结果表明,安全投入比例与事故直接经济损失之间呈较明显的负指数关系.探讨了安全投入存在的主要问题,提出了几点关于加强安全投入的建议及措施.     

提高企业信任度,改善安全生产人文环境

在安全规章制度中往往只规定下级的安全责任,并未对领导责任做出具体规定,缺乏权利义务的对等性,导致企业安全管理成一纸空文,落实不下去,存在着严重的形式主义.由于企业规章制度持续性和稳定性不足,存在朝令夕改的现象,导致企业在安全生产工作方面产生信任度危机,所以员工在安全生产过程中总是在揣测领导的真正意图以决定自己的行为.因此,提倡将企业内部纵向的信任研究引入到安全管理领域.     

某厂化学装置爆炸对设备房结构的损坏——调查与模拟分析

在对某厂化学爆炸所作的现场调查的基础上，对设备房钢筋混凝土框架结构构件的受损状况进行了分类描述，采用有限元方法对框架结构在静力和爆炸冲击荷载下的反应进行了模拟分析，分析结果与现场调查情况基本一致，给出了一些有意义的结论。