IFAS工艺处理南方低碳源污水的泥膜微生物互作规律分析

针对低碳源条件下污水处理问题,开展了活性污泥和生物膜共生系统（IFAS）的实验研究,讨论了低碳源下泥膜两相微生物的赋存特征和互作规律,明确其生态位和对处理效能的影响,通过实际水厂的中试实验,分析生物膜挂膜特性、泥膜活性和菌群的演替规律,对比在不同活性污泥泥龄调控下的泥膜两相中微生物结构和相互作用.结果表明,在变SRT下,反应器内污泥浓度随着SRT的增大而增加;由于SRT-H中微生物浓度远大于SRT-L,因此SRT-H中泥膜之间的竞争关系较SRT-L更激烈,SRT-H中污染物去除效能较SRT-L更低.低碳源进水条件下,IFAS工艺中污泥活性随SRT增大而降低,当低SRT （5 d）条件下,活性污泥硝化、反硝化、聚磷和吸磷速率较高SRT （25 d）分别增加了122%、88%、34%和44%;而SRT对生物膜活性的影响较小,两种SRT下生物膜硝化活性、反硝化活性相差不大.微生物测序分析表明,IFAS工艺功能菌在泥膜两相间会随着SRT的变化而发生富集转移;SRT-L中,因"播种（seeding）"效应而在泥膜两相间发生富集转移的功能菌主要为unclassified_g__Enterobacteriaceae,SRT-H中则主要是Acinetobacter.同时,通过分析优势功能菌分布,发现活性污泥中脱氮菌和聚磷菌之间也存在一定竞争;在进水有机基质匮乏的条件下,脱氮菌的相对丰度明显高于聚磷菌的相对丰度,表明脱氮菌更能适应低碳源条件,所以能在竞争中占据优势地位,这种优势主要体现为好氧反硝化菌相对丰度的增加;此外,泥相的SRT变化会反作用于膜相,使得生物膜的停留时间相应发生改变,从而改变菌群结构,筛选出不同优势菌属,进一步加大差异.     

黄河流域城市群工业增长与碳排放脱钩关系研究

采用Tapio脱钩模型和LMDI分解法,在城市群尺度开展黄河流域工业增长、能源消费和碳排放耦合关系研究,以探索城市群与工业低碳转型和高质量协同发展。结果表明：呼包鄂榆城市群的工业经济与碳排放近似同步增长约23倍,关中平原和中原城市群则表现出明显的不同步现象;呼包鄂榆城市群的脱钩状态自2014年后由增长连结转为扩张型负脱钩,关中平原城市群脱钩状态自2007年后由增长连结转为弱脱钩,中原城市群始终处于弱脱钩状态;工业规模始终是3个城市群碳脱钩的主要抑制因素,能源强度对关中平原、中原城市群碳脱钩始终起到促进作用,但对呼包鄂榆城市群的影响自2014年后从促进转为抑制作用。建议结合国家2030年前碳达峰行动方案,制定差异化的城市群工业绿色转型与碳减排政策措施,进一步遏制呼包鄂榆城市群“两高项目”盲目发展,加快工业结构升级和节能改造,提高关中平原和中原城市群工业能效和减碳能力。

     

浅论水资源保护与可持续发展的关系

水是生命的源泉。文章从水资源的概念入手,阐明了水资源是可持续发展的主要领域之一,同时也是保障实现可持续发展的重要条件。笔者从水资源污染防治,保护政策及管理体制等方面提出了水资源的保护措施。     

恒温油槽水介质与油介质升温时间关系讨论

本文阐述了在恒温油槽中水介质和油介质升温时间的关系,为了用水介质代替油介质进行升温试验,并保证试验的正确性。     

近10年流域江湖关系变化作用下鄱阳湖水动力及水质特征模拟

鄱阳湖水文情势受流域来水及长江共同影响,近10年流域、长江和鄱阳湖间关系发生了较大变化,导致了新的水文节律调整,进一步使得湖区水质环境发生变化.对近10年序列(2003—2012年)和1956—2002年序列的多年平均的日水文过程进行对比,分析了鄱阳湖的流域入流、湖口出流及湖区水位的年内变化过程;近10年鄱阳湖最高水位降低,湖相时间变短,河相时间增长;通过构建鄱阳湖的二维水动力水质模型,并采用实测2010年湖区水动力及水质数据对模型进行率定验证,在此基础上着重研究流域、江湖水文情势变化条件下,湖区的水动力和水质发生的变化.模拟结果显示,由于4—6月间湖区丰水期滞后13 d,8—10月间枯水期提前21 d,导致TN浓度在两个时间段内分别上升10.6%和12.4%,TP浓度在两期间内分别升高11.7%和13.6%.在8—10月期间,湖区水位下降速率增加,南部与西部的碟型湖提前与主湖区分离,形成相对静水的水塘,加剧了碟型湖的富营养化风险.     

基于遗传-支持向量机和遗传-径向基神经网络的有机物正辛醇-水分配系数QSPR研究

基于遗传算法(GA)的因子筛选和支持向量机(SVM)的非线性回归,提出了1种改进的有机物定量结构-性质相关(QSPR)建模方法--遗传-支持向量机(GA-SVM),并将其用于38种食品工业常用有机物正辛醇-水分配系数(Kow)的QSPR建模.结果显示,QSPR模型选取了分子量、Hansen极性、沸点、含氧率和含氢率5种参数;模型的预测值与实测值间的误差平方和(SSE)、均方差(RMSE)和决定系数(R2)分别为0.048、0,036和0.999,表明模型具有较强的预测能力;同时,交叉验证的结果(SSE=0.295,RMSE=0.089,R2=0.995)也表明,模型具有良好的稳健性,因此,GA-SVM算法适用于对有机物正辛醇-水分配系数的QSPR建模.此外,将基于GA-SVM的QSPR模型分别与基于遗传-径向基神经网络(GA-RBFNN)和基于线性算法的模型进行了比较,结果表明,应用GA-SVM建立的QSPR模型无论从稳健性还是预测能力上都优于应用其它2种算法建立的模型,因此,GA-SVM算法比GA-RBFNN和线性算法更适合于对有机物正辛醇-水分配系数进行QSPR建模.     

一种新的拓扑指数及其在有机化合物结构/性质相关性研究中的应用

以距离矩阵为基础，提出一种表征化合物分子结构的拓扑指数，并将其用于预报饱和链烃类、醇类和含氮芳香类化合物的性质和活性，获得了满意的结果。     

高速公路路线选择与地质灾害关系的研究

本文通过一条高速公路路线勘选的工程实例，研究了高速公路路线选择与地质灾害间的关系。认为，路线选择前，路线走廊及周围地区现时及未来地质灾害的勘查至关重要。这些灾害包括水库塌岸、洪水、断层和断裂带、滑坡、泥石流、崩塌等，路线选择应尽量避开这些灾害地区。对不能避开的地质灾害，应视其特征用不同方法治理，同时应兼顾工程造价、环保及行车舒适等情况。     

Employee responses to employment‐relationship practices: The role of psychological empowerment and traditionality

In studying the effect of employment‐relationship practices on employees, research has largely ignored individual differences, both cross‐culturally and within cultures. In this study, the authors examine the moderating effect of middle managers' traditionality, a within‐culture value orientation regarding submission to authority and endorsement of hierarchical role relationships, on their responses to an organization's employee–organization relationship practices. Based on social learning and social exchange theories, the authors expect the more traditional middle managers to respond less positively in terms of their performance and commitment to high levels of expected contributions and the associated psychological empowerment but respond more positively to high levels of offered inducements. Using a sample of 535 middle managers from 40 companies in China, the authors find support for all hypotheses except the moderating effect of traditionality on the relationship between offered inducements and performance. Additional analysis reveals that less‐traditional managers responded to economic rewards (but not developmental rewards) with higher job performance. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications for research and the practice of employment relationships. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Factors affecting the floristic diversity and nestedness in the islets of Lake Bardawil, North Sinai, Egypt: implications for conservation

Island biogeography theory and nestedness are two relevant and important concepts in biogeography and conservation. However, their integration and application has not been examined for maintaining or maximizing species diversity, especially in arid regions. The aim of this study is to investigate the ecological mechanisms related to the observed pattern of floristic diversity and nestedness in the Lake Bardawil islets on the Mediterranean coast of Sinai Peninsula before the execution of the North Sinai Agricultural Development Project (NSADP) that will threaten the ecosystem of the lake. Plant species on 15 islets were identified and categorized into ecological groups related to their life-form, salt tolerance and succulence. Richness of total plant species and their ecological groups were positively correlated with islet area, number of habitats and elevation, and negatively with disturbance index. The temperature calculator detected highly significant nestedness for the entire flora and all ecological groups. Distance from the mainland had no effect on either species richness or nested pattern of total plant species and their ecological groups. Both the analyses of species richness and nested distribution yielded evidence for a positive species-area relationship. Although nestedness was detected for the entire plant species and their ecological groups, many species and islets exhibited idiosyncratic distribution. Idiosyncrasies could be mainly attributed to demographic stochasticity which is an important character for species interaction and diversity maintenance in arid regions. Therefore, in developing conservation strategies for the Lake Bardawil islets, it is important to incorporate spatial and temporal stability of populations.