New eco-friendly proposal for the crystallization of beet raw juice

In the past years we evaluated different strategies with the aim of eliminating completely from the beet sugar factory, the traditional calco-carbonic purification process taking into account the well-known problems related to the utilization of lime and the production of carbonation sludge.To complete the picture of the possible solutions to be adopted for the elimination of the traditional purification process, we tested and evaluated in laboratory and in pilot plants a new eco-friendly proposal.The results obtained, as well as the proposed flow-sheet and some economic evaluations, are presented and discussed.     

壳聚糖-海藻酸钠固定化菌小球处理猪场沼液

采用包埋法,以海藻酸钠-壳聚糖为载体、自行筛选的高效脱氨氮菌为目标菌制备固定化菌小球,用于去除猪场沼液中的氨氮.优化了固定化小球的制备条件,考察了废水处理条件对氨氮去除效果的影响.结果表明,固定化菌小球的最佳制备条件为：壳聚糖投加量20g/L、海藻酸钠投加量10g/L、目标菌种包埋量2：5（V/V）.处理含氨氮废水时,在不调节废水pH值的条件下,当固定化菌小球投加量为15g/L、反应时间为4h时,氨氮的去除率为93.9%,其中吸附作用对氨氮的去除率为64.3%,微生物作用对氨氮的去除率为29.6%.扫描电镜表征结果表明,处理废水后,固定化菌小球外部及内部微生物数量明显增多.动力学与等温线拟合结果显示,固定化菌小球对废水中氨氮的去除过程符合准二级反应动力学方程（R²=0.9252）和Langmuir等温线方程（R²=0.9578）.     

一种异形结构传爆药起爆威力实验研究

旨在研究一种新型高能传爆药装药结构,根据冲击波汇聚技术、拐角效应理论和有效装药理论等,设计了一种异形结构传爆药。利用主装药轴向钢凹法对多点同步起爆网络起爆的该异形结构传爆药柱起爆威力进行了实验研究。对实验数据进行对比分析,结果表明在达到相同起爆效果的情况下,利用多点同步起爆网络起爆的该异形结构传爆药柱相对于普通圆柱形传爆药柱的用药量有较大幅度的降低。研究成果对解决钝感弹药的起爆问题具有重大的现实意义。     

废水除磷技术的研究与发展

目前 ,人们越来越重视污水除磷技术。本文介绍与评述了化学和生物两种除磷方式及其除磷机理和工艺 ,并着重介绍了生物除磷的现状、发展和研究动向     

球团竖炉烟尘除尘脱硫净化技术设备

本文介绍了球团竖炉的烟尘排放特性 ,分析了烟尘回收效益及脱硫、除尘、除雾一体化技术设备 ,该技术设备是一种紧凑合理、高效耐用、性价比高、管理方便、适合国情的大气环境净化技术设备     

剩余污泥水解酸化液磷去除的影响因素研究

城市污水厂剩余污泥水解酸化后可产生高浓度挥发性有机酸(VFAs),其中的乙酸和丙酸是增强生物除磷(EBPR)工艺的有利基质.但水解酸化液中含有大量的磷,如不进行处理就作为碳源回用到污水处理工艺中,势必增加除磷负荷.利用鸟粪石沉淀法可以去除污水中的磷.对城市污水厂剩余污泥水解酸化液形成鸟粪石的影响因素进行了试验研究.结果表明,在最佳工艺条件下,正磷和总磷的去除率分别可达92.5%和83.8%.     

天津地区典型家用生物质颗粒采暖炉污染物排放分析

为调查研究天津市家用生物质颗粒采暖炉的污染物排放性状,同时为政府的政策制定提供技术依据,研究了天津地区生物质燃料成分和采暖炉不同运行负荷对污染物排放的影响.结果表明：稻杆和棉杆两种成型燃料在同一采暖炉的相同工况下燃烧时,稻杆灰分含量较棉杆高,造成较高的烟尘和CO排放,同时稻杆较棉杆S元素含量低,导致SO₂排放较低.棉杆成型燃料在同一容量的采暖炉上燃烧时,随着燃烧器负荷的增加,CO和SO₂的排放增加,NO_x的排放减少.两种生物质成型燃料在该采暖炉上燃烧排放的挥发性有机物的主要种类均依次为酮类、苯系物、醛类.本工作试验用家用生物质颗粒采暖炉运行过程中NO_x、CO、SO₂、烟尘的平均排放值分别为672.70,2297.94,124.00,109.35mg/m³,存在污染物排放超标的现象,可通过增添水浴除尘设施,合理调节不同燃烧负荷下的风机送风量,维持适宜过量空气系数,以降低污染物排放.同时还需制定合理的标准和政策加强对家用采暖炉和成型燃料质量的监管.     

摩尔配比对MAP沉淀法回收模拟废水中磷的影响

以磷浓度50mg/L的实验室模拟废水为研究对象,考察了以鸟粪石(MAP)形式回收磷的最佳摩尔配比,并借助X-衍射(XRD)对不同摩尔配比条件下得到的沉淀物进行分析。试验结果表明,在pH=9.5时,以鸟粪石形式回收磷的最佳Mg:N:P=4:1.6:1。对沉淀物的XRD分析发现,在pH=9.5,当固定Mg:P=1.6时,N:P=1时沉淀物中基本不含MAP,当N:P=2时,生成的沉淀物中混有少量的副产物Mg(3PO)42,当N:P2时则生成较纯的MAP;当固定N:P=4时,Mg:P=2是生成较纯的MAP的临界值,超过此比例则生成副产物Mg(3PO)42;当反应按照理论配比投加氨氮和镁盐时,所得产物基本不是MAP,而是副产物Mg(3PO)42。故鸟粪石沉淀结晶反应中应尽量提高氨氮配比,并避免投加过量的镁盐,以保证回收产物的纯度。     

Effectiveness of fluidized pellet bed for removing soluble contaminants

Fluidized pellet bed (FPB) has been successfully applied in water and wastewater treatment. However, the removal mechanism of contaminants especially the soluble ones, is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the e ectiveness of FPB reactor for removing soluble contaminants from synthetic wastewater. By only coagulation through jar test operation with addition of polyaluminium chloride (PACl) as primary coagulant and polyacryamide (PAM) as coagulant-aid, the removals of soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), and NH4 +-N were found to be only 2.2%–7.5%, 5.7%–25.5%, and 9.9%–18.5%, respectively. However, by FPB operation under the same dosage of coagulants, these values increased to 82.7%, 37.2%, and 50%, indicating that the formation of pellets in the FPB e ectively enhanced the removal of soluble contaminants. By careful comparison of the settleablility and filterability of the pollutants after coagulation, the originally soluble contaminants could be divided into three groups, namely: (1) coagulated-andsettleable, (2) coagulated-but-nonsettleable, and (3) uncoagulable. It was found that not only the first two groups but also a large part of the third group could be e ectively removed by FPB operation. However, the mechanism for the removal of the uncoagulable pollutants by FPB operation still needs further investigation.     

鸟粪石热解回收法去除垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的研究

采取鸟粪石热解回收,再循环利用的方法去除不同来源渗滤液中的氨氮,以降低投药成本。得到的最佳工艺条件为p H=9.5~10,药品投加量为氨氮浓度1.1倍,反应时间20 min,热解温度为100℃,热解时间4 h以上。热解鸟粪石法去除垃圾渗滤液氨氮的效果根据渗滤液本身的性质会产生较大的变化。老龄渗滤液中鸟粪石循环使用20次以后,单位质量的氨氮的去除成本降低至11.63元/kg以下;但在相同工艺条件下处理新鲜渗滤液,鸟粪石循环使用20次以后,单位质量氨氮的去除成本依然维持在35.23元/kg以上。