全面落实新《安全生产法》强化焦化企业安全管理

新《安全生产法》的颁布和实施,对焦化企业提出了更高的要求。焦化企业可以通过完善安全仪表系统、开展危险与可操作分析、建立企业安全生产预警体系、贯彻执行焦化行业安全生产标准和建立现代企业安全管理制度来更好地促进其安全生产。     

Influence of concentration distribution of hydrogen in air on measured flammability limits

There is a clear difference between exiting data on the measured flammability limits of hydrogen-air mixture. The non-uniformity of concentration distribution of hydrogen in air is a contributor to deviations of the upper flammability limit (UFL) and the lower flammability limit (LFL) measured in different experiments. This paper presents a numerical model to simulate the gas mixing process from start to stability, to predict the concentration distribution, and to research the influence of concentration distribution of hydrogen in air on measured UFLs and LFLs. The commercial software package Fluent was used to carry out the numerical simulation for the concentration distribution of hydrogen in air in the vessels with length-to-diameter ratios (L: D) of 1:1, 3:1, 5:1 and 7:1 respectively. Based on the numerical simulation and analysis, the influence of concentration distribution on measured flammability limits was demonstrated for hydrogen in air in the vessel. It is found that the deviations of measured flammability limits of hydrogen in air are the minimum in the vessel with length-to-diameter ratio of 1:1, and augment with the augmentation of vessel length-to-diameter ratio. Moreover, it is presented that the deviations of measured flammability limits of hydrogen in the center of the vessel are lower than that in the top and the bottom.     

武宜运河小流域平原河网地区水环境质量现状分析及改善对策研究

文章分析了武宜运河沿线4个例行监测断面2011年至2013年水质变化情况,结果表明武宜运河水质污染情况逐年减轻.在武宜运河流域布设了42个监测断面,其中武宜运河沿程布设14个监测断面,相关河流布设28个监测断面.监测结果表明,武宜运河全线水质属于Ⅴ类~劣Ⅴ类,水质总体上表现为宜兴段稍好于武进段.相关河道水质基本属于Ⅲ类~劣Ⅴ类.目前该区域水质污染以总氮污染为主,且总氮超标最为严重.掌握了武宜运河小流域河网地区的水环境质量现状,从工业、生活、农业面源、船舶污染等方面提出了改善水环境质量的建议对策,为开展综合整治奠定了基础,对改善流域水环境具有十分重要的意义.     

河池市城区环境空气污染现状与变化趋势研究

根据2007年-2012年河池市环境空气质量自动监测数据,采用环境空气质量指数法和综合污染指数法,评价河池市环境空气污染现状和了解污染变化趋势,并探讨变化原因,提出改善大气环境质量的应对措施,以期为河池市大气污染防治策略提供借鉴.通过分析主要污染物的监测数据,结果表明:河池市近6年来城区环境空气质量有明显好转.污染物浓度随季节性变化明显,二氧化硫第一季度至第四季度依次递减;二氧化氮与可吸入颗粒物变化相似,均为第四季度污染最严重、第二季度污染最轻.     

餐厨垃圾处理设备的现状与发展趋势研究

针对人类社会在日常运转中产生的大量餐厨垃圾,当下最有效的应对措施是发展相关的餐厨垃圾处理产业,以相关的工作模式和工作设备来应对餐厨垃圾的处理工作。由于餐厨垃圾的特殊性,不同于一般的日常生活垃圾,因此餐厨垃圾的处理设备自然也就有独特的特点与性质。当下社会中餐厨垃圾处理设备行业的发展可谓如火如荼,各种各样的餐厨垃圾处理设备应运而生,针对餐厨垃圾处理设备的发展现状与发展趋势详细的探讨,对促进中国餐饮垃圾处理行业的发展具有借鉴意义。     

生态城市评价指标体系构建及实证研究

构建了针对秦皇岛市的生态城市评价指标体系,采用多指标综合评价法,对2011年秦皇岛市城市生态化程度进行了评价。结果表明:秦皇岛市城市生态化综合指数为0.687,生态化程度为2级水平,经济持续发展子系统和资源能源节约子系统较为薄弱。根据评价结果,提出了大力发展循环经济、加强水污染治理、提高资源能源利用效率、加大生态建设力度等建议。     

Chloride Released from Three Permeable Pavement Surfaces after Winter Salt Application

Few studies exist on how chloride from chloride‐based deicers is transported in infiltration‐based stormwater control measures. In 2009, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) constructed a 0.4 ha parking lot in Edison, New Jersey, that was surfaced with permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICP), pervious concrete (PC), and porous asphalt (PA). Each surface type has four equally sized, lined sections that direct all infiltrate to separate 5.7 m³ collection tanks. The USEPA acute criterion for aquatic life (860 mg/l) was exceeded in events immediately following a snow event. Concentrations of the infiltrate exceeded the detection limit (5 mg/l) year round but did not exceed the USEPA chronic toxicity (230 mg/l) after April. The chloride concentration decreased with cumulative rainfall since previous snow event, and a power regression described this relationship. In the power regression, the coefficient (b) described the initial concentration following a snow event, and the exponent (m) described the rate in which chloride was flushed through the system with infiltrating water. PC had the largest coefficient (5,664) and largest absolute exponent (?0.92), followed closely by PICP (b = 4,943 and m = ?0.87), and distantly by PA (b = 2,907 and m = ?0.67). The differences in release rate were proportional to the measured surface infiltration rates of 4,000; 2,400; and 200 cm/h for PC, PICP, and PA, respectively. These results will assist those who manage or regulate stormwater where receiving waters are chloride impaired.     

西安市灞河流域水环境现状分析及治理对策

基于大量的技术资料和监测数据,对西安市灞河流域的水环境进行了全面系统的分析,指出了面临的问题及其成因.在此基础上提出了灞河流域水环境治理的新思路、新方法,为流域的综合治理工作提供借鉴.     

China''''s CDM Policies and Their Development Implications:Major Concerns for CDM Implementation

Most CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) opportunities exist in some large industrializing developing countries. For instance, China is estimated to take 48% of the world potential for CDM project activities. In reality, however, the share by China over the CDM projects registered and CDM projects in the pipeline is less than 10% as of Auguest 2005. This paper will examine the reasons behind, as reflected in China's CDM policies. Further investigation will be made into the use of these policies to boost the country's sustainable development, the sustainable development implications and effects of these policies. In addition, it is noted that incompatibility of some other Chinese laws and policies can be responsible for the low level and slow pace of CDM implementation in China and some suggestions are offered for promoting CDM project activities in China. There also exist barriers at the international level that impedes implementation of CDM project activities. A conclusion is drawn that CDM policies in a developing country like China aim mainly at promotion of sustainable development and to a lesser extent the generation of CERs.     

Transverse approach between real world concentrations of SO2, NO2, BTEX, aldehyde emissions and corrosion in the Grand Mare tunnel

With regard to automotive traffic, a tunnel-type semi enclosed atmosphere is characterized by a higher concentration of gaseous pollutants than on urban traffic roads and highlights the gaseous effluent species having an impact on material degradation. Therefore, a transverse approach between air quality and its consequences upon the longevity of materials is necessary, implying better knowledge of tunnel atmosphere and a better understanding of material degradation inside a tunnel for operating administration. Gaseous pollutant measurements carried out in a road tunnel in Rouen (Normandy) give the real world traffic concentrations of experimental exposure conditions. The sampling campaigns, achieved in summer and winter include SO₂, NO₂, BTEX and aldehyde analyses. Effluent profiles in the upward and downward tubes have been established. The current work shows that SO₂, NO₂, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal and butanal must be considered in the degradation process of materials in a stuffy environment. As regards NO₂, its concentration depends on the modification of the automotive fleet. The total aldehyde concentrations indicate no particular trend between the two bores. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal, butanal and acrolein species are the most abundant species emitted by vehicles and represent 90% to 95% of the total aldehyde emissions.