赴新加坡学习的收获和体会

介绍了新加坡概况,学习期间对新加坡的印象,总结了学习获得的启示.     

浅议内蒙古固体危险废物的处置现状及管理对策

本文主要介绍内蒙古工业固体危险废物的来源、分布，处理、处置现状，目前存在的问题，经分析提出适合内蒙古区情的处置方法及相应管理对策建议，供政府及决策部门参考。     

阜蒙县畜禽养殖业污染现状及控制对策

为了了解阜蒙县畜禽养殖业的现状，掌握畜禽养殖业污染特点，对养殖业污染进行了监测，结果表明畜禽养殖造成了对大气和地下水的污染，于是对此提出了控制污染的对策。     

Thriving on challenge stressors? Exploring time pressure and learning demands as antecedents of thriving at work

In the conceptualization of thriving at work, it is emphasized that employees' learning and vitality are two equally important components of thriving and that thriving is facilitated by contextual features and available resources. In this study, we examined the effects of two challenge stressors (time pressure and learning demands) on thriving at work. Based on the literature on challenge and hindrance stressors, we proposed that challenge stressors positively affect learning and negatively affect vitality. To uncover underlying mechanisms, we measured challenge appraisal and hindrance appraisal of work situations in a diary study. A sample of 124 knowledge workers responded to three daily surveys (before the lunch break, during the afternoon, and at the end of the workday) for a period of five workdays. Results indicate that the indirect effects of learning demands and time pressure on learning are mediated by challenge appraisal, whereas indirect effects of learning demands on vitality are mediated by hindrance appraisal. Overall, our study shows that challenge stressors have a positive total effect on learning but no total effect on vitality. These differential relationships call for a finer distinction between the two components of thriving at work in future research. Copyright © 2016 The Authors Journal of Organizational Behavior Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Health-related quality of life 24 months after sustaining a minor musculoskeletal injury in a road traffic crash: A prospective cohort study

Objectives: A better understanding of the long-term factors that independently predict poorer quality of life following mild to moderate musculoskeletal injuries is needed. We aimed to establish the predictors of quality of life (including sociodemographic, health, psychosocial, and pre-injury factors) 24 months after a noncatastrophic road traffic injury.

Methods: In a prospective cohort study of 252 participants with mild/moderate injury sustained in a road traffic crash, quality of life was measured 24 months following the baseline survey. A telephone-administered questionnaire obtained information on various potential explanatory variables. Health-related quality of life was measured using the European Quality of Life–5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) and Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form–12 (SF-12). Multivariable linear regression analyses determined the associations between explanatory variables and quality of life measures.

Results: Mean SF-12 physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores increased by 7.3 and 2.5 units, respectively, from baseline to 24-month follow-up. Each 10-year increase in baseline age was independently associated with 3.1-unit (P < .001) and 1.5-unit (P = .001) decrease in EQ Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and SF-12 PCS scores at follow-up, respectively. Poor/fair compared to excellent pre-injury health was associated with a 0.16-, 21.3-, and 11.5-unit decrease in EQ-5D summary (P = .03), VAS scores (P = .001), and SF-12 PCS scores (P < .001), respectively. Baseline pain severity ratings and pain catastrophizing scores were inversely associated with 24-month EQ VAS scores (both P < .001). Each unit increase in baseline pain score (P = .001) and pain catastrophizing score (P = .02) was associated with a 1.0- and 4.6-unit decrease in SF-12 MCS scores at 24 months, respectively. Other observed predictors of quality of life measures (EQ-5D summary and/or VAS scores and/ or SF-12 MCS) included marital status, smoking, hospital admission, pre-injury health (anxiety/depression and chronic illness), and whiplash injury.

Conclusion: Sociodemographic indicators, pre-injury health, and biopsychosocial correlates were independently associated with health-related quality of life 24 months following a noncatastrophic road traffic crash injury.     

A spectral power analysis of driving behavior changes during the transition from nondistraction to distraction

Objective: This article investigated and compared frequency domain and time domain characteristics of drivers' behaviors before and after the start of distracted driving.

Method: Data from an existing naturalistic driving study were used. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) was applied for the frequency domain analysis to explore drivers' behavior pattern changes between nondistracted (prestarting of visual–manual task) and distracted (poststarting of visual–manual task) driving periods. Average relative spectral power in a low frequency range (0–0.5 Hz) and the standard deviation in a 10-s time window of vehicle control variables (i.e., lane offset, yaw rate, and acceleration) were calculated and further compared. Sensitivity analyses were also applied to examine the reliability of the time and frequency domain analyses.

Results: Results of the mixed model analyses from the time and frequency domain analyses all showed significant degradation in lateral control performance after engaging in visual–manual tasks while driving. Results of the sensitivity analyses suggested that the frequency domain analysis was less sensitive to the frequency bandwidth, whereas the time domain analysis was more sensitive to the time intervals selected for variation calculations. Different time interval selections can result in significantly different standard deviation values, whereas average spectral power analysis on yaw rate in both low and high frequency bandwidths showed consistent results, that higher variation values were observed during distracted driving when compared to nondistracted driving.

Conclusions: This study suggests that driver state detection needs to consider the behavior changes during the prestarting periods, instead of only focusing on periods with physical presence of distraction, such as cell phone use. Lateral control measures can be a better indicator of distraction detection than longitudinal controls. In addition, frequency domain analyses proved to be a more robust and consistent method in assessing driving performance compared to time domain analyses.     

Comparison study and parameter identification of three battery models for an off-grid photovoltaic system

There is growing interest in solar batteries, especially for photovoltaic (PV) applications. Therefore, an accurate battery model is required for the PV system because of its influence on system efficiency. Several mathematical models of batteries have been described in the scientific literature. However, this paper reviews three electrochemical models most commonly used for PV systems, such as Shepherd, Manegon and Coppetti, in order to define the most appropriate model for PV systems. This paper discusses an application of the pattern search optimization technique to extract the parameters of three battery models derived from experimental test results obtained from sealed gelled lead acid batteries for both charge and discharge modes. A comparative case and regression analysis based on statistical tests and a quantitative method were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the updated model from the three aforementioned. The simulation results and tests performed on the battery charge and discharge modes lead us as well to approve the algorithm’s accuracy regarding the updated model.     

石家庄市冬季一次重污染过程分析与反馈效应研究

为深入探究高ρ（PM_2.5）地区重污染过程的发展变化规律,以石家庄市一次重污染过程（2017年1月13-20日）为例,结合空气质量监测数据、PM_2.5组分测试数据、气象观测资料,从重污染发展阶段（简称"P1阶段"）、维持阶段（简称"P2阶段"）和清除阶段（简称"P3阶段"）分析PM_2.5及其化学组分的变化特征、气象条件和高低空天气形势演变特征,并利用WRF-Chem模型定量研究重污染过程气溶胶反馈效应对典型气象要素的影响.结果表明:①此次重污染过程属于逐步累积增长、快速清除型,在P2阶段ρ（PM_2.5）平均值为241.0 μg/m3,最大值为367.5 μg/m3.②P1和P2阶段高低空大气环流配置稳定,大气边界层高度范围为620.6~712.2 m,风速范围为1.3~2.5 m/s,相对湿度范围为60%~80%.③P2阶段SOR（硫氧化率）和NOR（氮氧化率）均为0.3,ρ（SNA）（SNA为SO₄2-、NO₃-和NH₄+的统称）为128.8 μg/m3,占ρ（PM_2.5）的56.2%;OM[有机质,ρ（OM）=ρ（POA）+ρ（SOA）,其中,POA为一次有机气溶胶,SOA为二次有机气溶胶]是除SNA以外的第二大组分,在P1和P3阶段ρ（POA）大于ρ（SOA）,而在P2阶段ρ（SOA）与ρ（POA）相等,均为28.0 μg/m3,表明在重污染过程中二次污染严重;整个污染过程ρ（NO₃-）/ρ（SO₄2-）为1.0,表明石家庄市移动源和固定源对ρ（PM_2.5）贡献相当.④WRF-Chem模型模拟结果表明,太阳辐射量、温度和大气边界层高度受气溶胶反馈效应的影响在P2阶段的下降量分别为75.1 W/m2、2.7℃和109.9 m,比P1阶段分别高33.6%、91.4%和18.6%,比P3阶段分别高147.0%、305.3%和24.1%.研究显示,此次静稳天气下的重污染过程二次污染严重,气溶胶反馈效应整体使得太阳辐射量、温度和大气边界层高度均向不利于污染扩散的趋势发展,造成石家庄市的ρ（PM_2.5）进一步增加.      

汉江生态经济带水生态环境问题及对策

汉江生态经济带是国家战略水资源保障区、内河流域保护开发示范区、中西部联动发展试验区、长江流域绿色发展先行区,加快区域经济社会发展对于全国地区协调发展具有重要意义.多年的高强度开发和剧烈的人类活动造成汉江生态经济带水生态环境问题严峻,已成为制约汉江生态经济带迈向高质量发展的瓶颈.通过系统剖析发现,汉江生态经济带存在的主要水生态环境问题包括重要水源地丹江口水库水安全保障不足、汉江中下游水生态受损、汉江部分支流水污染严重等.丹江口水库总体水质良好,但水质保障工作存在部分入库支流污染形势依然严峻、支流库湾水华发生风险加剧、库周及上游面源污染未得到有效控制和消落带管理薄弱等不足.汉江中下游存在硅藻水华频发和鱼类资源量大幅减少等水生态问题,同时中下游部分支流水质不达标,严重影响汉江水质.在此基础上,提出相应对策建议,主要包括切实做好丹江口水库水质安全保障、科学开展基于生态流量保障的生态调度、建立生态环境协同保护机制、完善南水北调中线水源地生态补偿机制、加强生态环境保护科技支撑等.      

南京冬季云凝结核活化特征及闭合研究

2017年12月~2018年1月在南京地区对气溶胶的云凝结核（CCN）活化特征进行外场观测,并利用4种常用的闭合方法实现对CCN数浓度的预测.结果表明本次观测期间南京地区的气溶胶具有较高的CCN活性,吸湿性参数（κ）的平均值为0.36.对清洁到不同程度雾-霾天气溶胶污染的CCN活化特征进行对比分析,发现随着污染程度的加深,气溶胶的吸湿性逐渐减弱;在同一能见度（VIS）范围内,环境相对湿度（RH）更高的天气类型中气溶胶的吸湿性和活化能力也更高,这可能由于高RH条件能促进大气中非均相及液相反应生成更多的二次无机气溶胶.4种闭合方法的结果显示,利用临界粒径、截断粒径及粒径分辨的活化谱三种方法总体上均有较好的闭合结果.其中,对于低过饱和度（S）下的预测来说,利用截断粒径方法的闭合结果最为理想.