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451.
我国鲟鱼类资源及其保护与发展途径 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
鲟鱼类为北半球古老的大型经济鱼类,栖息于太平洋、大西洋和内陆水域,是世界著名的经济鱼类.近年来在有关科研项目的支持下,对我国境内的11种鲟鱼类资源进行了生物学、生态学等方面的一系列调查研究.本文着重论述了鲟鱼类的自然分布、经济与科研价值,分析了资源现状及其衰退原因,并提出今后资源保护与发展的8个途径. 相似文献
452.
国内外二恶英研究初探 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
总结了国际上近年来环境中二恶英的研究成果及进展概况。主要分挤二恶英的毒性及来源,综合国内外有关二恶英的绝大部分研究成果,并简要提出二恶英的防治措施。 相似文献
453.
深圳地狭人多,特区人口密度高达7310人/平方公里,是中国人口密度最大的城市之一。随着社会经济的高速发展,汽车拥有量的急剧增加,汽车排气污染已成为深圳市最主要的大气污染问题。文章分析了深圳市汽车排气污染的状况及其对城市空气质量的影响,简要介绍了近年来深圳市在控制汽车排气污染方面所做的工作。 相似文献
454.
Integration of Case Studies on Global Change by Means of Qualitative Differential Equations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We present a novel methodology to integrate qualitative knowledge from different case studies on Global Change related issues
into a single framework. The method is based on the concept of qualitative differential equations (QDEs) which represents
a mathematically well-defined approach to investigate classes of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) used in conventional
modeling exercises. These classes are defined by common qualitative features, e.g., monotonicity, signs, etc. Using the QSIM-algorithm
it is possible to derive the set of possible solutions of all ODEs in the class. By this one can formulate a common, qualitatively
specified cause–effect scheme valid for all case studies. The scheme is validated by testing it against the actually observed
histories in the study regions with respect to their reconstruction by the corresponding QDE. The method is outlined theoretically
and exemplary applied to the problem of land-use changes due to smallholder agriculture in developing countries. It is shown
that the seven case-studies used can be described by a single cause–effect scheme which thus constitutes a pattern of Global Change. As a generally valid prerequisite for sustainability of this kind of land-use the presence of wage labor is shown to represent
a decisive factor.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
455.
Chaulya SK Ahmad M Singh RS Bandopadhyay LK Bondyopadhay C Mondal GC 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,82(1):23-43
All major mining activity particularly opencast mining contributes to the problem of suspended particulate matter (SPM)directly or indirectly. Therefore, assessment and prediction are required to prevent and minimize the deterioration of SPM due tovarious opencast mining operations. Determination of emission rate of SPM for these activities and validation of air quality models are the first and foremost concern. In view of the above, the study was taken up for determination of emission rate for SPMto calculate emission rate of various opencast mining activitiesand validation of commonly used two air quality models for Indianmining conditions. To achieve the objectives, eight coal and three iron ore mining sites were selected to generate site specific emission data by considering type of mining, method of working, geographical location, accessibility and above all resource availability. The study covers various mining activitiesand locations including drilling, overburden loading and unloading, coal/mineral loading and unloading, coal handling orscreening plant, exposed overburden dump, stock yard, workshop, exposed pit surface, transport road and haul road. Validation of the study was carried out through Fugitive Dust Model (FDM) and Point, Area and Line sources model (PAL2) by assigning the measured emission rate for each mining activity, meteorologicaldata and other details of the respective mine as an input to the models. Both the models were run separately for the same set ofinput data for each mine to get the predicted SPM concentrationat three receptor locations for each mine. The receptor locationswere selected such a way that at the same places the actual filedmeasurement were carried out for SPM concentration. Statisticalanalysis was carried out to assess the performance of the modelsbased on a set measured and predicted SPM concentration data. The value of coefficient of correlation for PAL2 and FDM was calculated to be 0.990-0.994 and 0.966-0.997, respectively, which shows a fairly good agreement between measured and predicted values of SPM concentration. The average index of agreement values for PAL2 and FDM was found to be 0.665 and0.752, respectively, which represents that the prediction by PAL2 and FDM models are accurate by 66.5 and 75.2%, respectively. These indicate that FDM model is more suited for Indian mining conditions. 相似文献
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459.
兖州矿区采煤塌陷地状况与综合治理途径研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过对兖州矿区采煤塌陷地状况进行现状分析和趋势预测,结果表明,至2000年底,已累计塌陷土地5389.40hm2;预计到21世纪中叶,兖州、济东2个煤田最终将形成两个塌陷中心,面积达4.4×104hm2。这不仅使大面积农田被毁,造成生态失衡,而且给当地工农业生产以及社会和生态环境等方面带来一系列严重问题,应该彻底进行采煤塌陷地的综合治理。据此,根据矿区工农业持续协调发展的需要,从宏观和微观的角度,全方位提出了采煤塌陷地的综合治理途径。 相似文献
460.