蒸散量测定与估算方法的对比研究

以涡度相关法的实测资料为标准,对波文比-能量平衡法、空气动力学法、Penman-Monteith模型、Shuttleworth-Wallace模型进行对比研究,并分析了各种方法的精度和灵敏度。结果表明:Penman-Monteith模型和波文比-能量平衡法的精度最高,Shuttleworth-Wallace模型和空气动力学法的精度较差。Penman-Monteith模型的稳定性较好,波文比-能量平衡法受Δe和ΔT观测精度的影响大,风温湿观测高度以及下垫面是否均一对空气动力学法影响较大,Shuttleworth-Wallace模型对各类阻抗较为敏感。     

复合配方絮凝剂处理炼油厂含油废水的研究

LKM型絮凝剂具有破乳能力强、水溶性好、使用方便和储存稳定的特点 ,其复合制剂的除油效果更好。现场工业试验证明 :在除油率大致相同的情况下 ,其投加量为聚合氯化铝的 1 2至 1 5,浮渣生成量少 ,易于处置和利用 ,可作为聚合氯化铝的换代产品在含油废水处理中使用。     

Update of daily intake of PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like PCBs from food in Japan

Total diet study (TDS) samples of 14 food groups from 16 locations in Japan, collected in 1999 and 2000, were analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dioxin-like PCBs) to estimate the update of daily intake of these contaminants from food. The mean daily intake of toxic equivalency (TEQ) for an adult weighing 50 kg, calculated at non-detected isomer concentrations equal to zero (ND=0), was estimated to be 2.25 pg TEQ/kg b.w./day. When non-detected isomer concentrations are assumed to be equal to half of the limits of detection (ND=1/2 LOD), the mean daily intake was estimated to be 3.22 pg TEQ/kg b.w./day. These values were below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 4 pg TEQ/kg b.w. for PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs set in Japan. In both the estimates, the mean daily intakes were highest from fish and shellfish (76.9% at ND=0 and 53.9% at ND=1/2 LOD of the total TEQs), followed by those from meat and eggs (15.5% at ND=0 and 11.7% at ND=1/2 LOD of the total TEQs). Congener specific data revealed that these total TEQ levels were dominated by 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF and 3,3^′,4,4^′,5-PeCB in each case (71.7% at ND=0 and 63.1% at ND=1/2 LOD of the total TEQs). The dioxin-like PCBs (non-ortho and mono-ortho PCBs) accounted for about 50% of these total TEQs. These data will be very useful in the risk assessment of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs from food in Japan.     

室内环境污染研究进展

介绍了室内环境污染问题的由来及危害、研究对象及内容 ,并对国内外在室内环境这一新兴学科领域所开展的研究工作进行了综述 ,同时指出了我国进行室内环境污染系统研究的必要性。     

Common procedural execution failure modes during abnormal situations

The Abnormal Situation Management^® Consortium¹ funded a study to investigate procedural execution failures during abnormal situations. The study team analyzed 20 publically available and 12 corporate confidential incident reports using the TapRoot^® methodology to identify root causes associated with procedural execution failures. The main finding from this investigation was the majority of the procedural execution failures (57%) across these 32 incident reports were associated with abnormal situations. Specific recommendations include potential information to capture from plant incident to better understand the sources of procedural execution failures and improve use of procedures in abnormal situations.     

略论我国矿山安全法律制度的完善

矿山安全是采矿工业乃至国民经济可持续发展的重要组成部分．矿山安全对发展地区经济和保持社会稳定都具有重要意义。然而．随着矿产资源开发强度的不断加大．矿山安全法律制度建设相对于矿山开发来说却相对严重滞后，以致矿山生产环境不断恶化．矿山安全事故频发。因此．在对我国矿山安全问题及其成因进行法律经济分析的前提下．找出我国矿山安全立法的问题与不足。并在与美国矿山安全立法进行差异比较的基础上，对我国矿山安全立法的完善进行有益的思考和探索．具有十分重要的理论价值和现实意义。     

城市化与环境污染：中国省际面板数据的实证研究

对环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）假说进行了扩展，选取1998～2005年中国30个省（市、自治区）的面板数据，构建了6类环境污染指标同城市化水平及控制变量间的计量模型，并运用Eviews软件进行了实证检验。研究结果表明：4类污染物同城市化水平之间存在倒U形曲线关系，另外2类污染物同城市化水平之间存在正U形曲线关系，目前中国大体上已经进入U形曲线的右半段，但由于地区发展差距的存在，各地进入曲线右半段的时间不同；控制变量的加入不仅改变了转折点出现的时间，而且改变了某些污染指标同城市化水平之间的U形曲线关系；贸易开放并不一定造成环境的恶化，“污染天堂”假说在中国不成立；产业结构变动是造成环境污染的重要因素；技术进步引致的单位GDP能耗下降能减轻环境污染压力；快速的经济增长将导致更加严重的环境污染。     

关于“倡导绿色文明,创建绿色家园”活动社会效应的调研报告

归纳了绿色创建的基本情况,主要做法,对活动所产生的社会效应进行了探讨,找出活动中存在的问题,提出了未来工作建议。     

农村沼气推广现状及发展对策

沼气能源是一种生物质能，属于可再生能源，在自然界中可以不断再生、永续利用的资源。本文通过查阅文献、问卷调查及访谈相结合的方法收集资料，客观地描述了疏勒县农村沼气推广现状，并从农民自身情况、政府推进影响、环境保护三方面来考察。结果表明：沼气推广进展缓慢主要原因是日常维护难。     

AMMONIA REMOVAL FROM COMPOST LACHATE USING ZEOLITE. II. A STUDY USING CONTINUOUS FLOW PACKED COLUMNS

Bench-scale packed zeolite columns were set up and operated to investigate the continuous removal of ammonium ions from compost leachate. The effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT), and particle size of the zeolite on the ammonia adsorption capacity were studied. For both the coarse particle and the powdered zeolite columns, higher ammonia removal efficiencies were achieved with longer HRT (i.e., lower influent flow rate) tests. At the same HRT, ammonia removal efficiencies from tests with powdered zeolite were generally 20% higher than tests with the coarse particle zeolite. A HRT of 6 hours was found appropriate for efficient ammonia removal, and an operating capacity of 1.31 mg N/g zeolite was obtained. Over 98% of the ammonia input from the influent was consistently removed for over 5 bed volumes (BV) of compost leachate flowing through the zeolite column. Zeolite proved to have a great potential as a medium for ammonia removal in treating composting leachate.