提高军官常服皮鞋穿着与视觉舒适性探讨

本文通过军人脚型测量分析、军鞋审美取向调查分析、军鞋重量与运动性能试验分析等探讨研究,获得了脚型、式样、重量等相关数据,对于新式军鞋研究、生产和使用具有一定的参考作用。     

挤塑型聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料着火温度实验研究

研究了挤塑型聚苯乙烯(XPS)保温材料两种不同着火方式下的着火温度。采用南京江宁仪器分析厂生产的DW-02型点着温度测定仪对XPS的着火温度进行了测定。利用辐射引燃仪得到了2.2 cm厚挤塑型保温板在不同加热功率下的着火温度。结果表明:DW-02型点着温度测定仪测得的挤塑型聚苯乙烯保温材料的点燃温度约为355℃;热辐射引燃仪测得的2.2 cm厚保温板在不同加热功率下的着火温度是365-370℃,且引燃时间随着辐射引燃仪加热功率的增大而逐渐缩短;明火火源比热流辐射容易引燃挤塑型聚苯乙烯保温板。研究结论对FDS模拟挤塑型聚苯乙烯燃烧特性时,材料热解参数的设定有指引作用,对实际工程中遴选合适的外墙保温材料具有重要的参考价值。     

HAZOP技术实施程序

介绍了危险与可操作性分析(HAZards and Operability,HAZOP)技术的实施步骤,详细说明了每一步的工作内容及需要把握的关键.目标在于提供操作性强的实施程序,指导安全人员准确理解技术的内涵,科学、有效的应用该技术进行危害辩识,提高安全工作的水平.     

煤巷顶板沉积岩体钻进动力响应特性试验研究

为了探究煤巷顶板锚固孔钻进动力响应指标（钻速和转速）与顶板岩石物理特性（普氏系数）间的关系,采用实验室及数值试验研究方法对煤巷顶板沉积岩体进行模拟钻进。结果表明,锚固孔的钻进动力响应指标整体上均随顶板岩石普氏系数的增加而减小,大致呈负指数关系。实验室试验数据拟合曲线与数值模拟分析所得结果较为相似,但也存在一定的差别。据此可实现对顶板岩层的初步判别,对煤巷顶板锚杆支护参数的优化和冒顶事故的预防有重要的指导意义;为实验室研究岩石的钻进试验提供了一种可行的方法,也为岩石可钻性与顶板岩层探测仪器的深入研究提供了一定的参考价值。     

Decentralized wastewater treatment technologies and management in Chinese villages

Problems treating sewage in rural areas in China have attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, only 6% of rural areas had spray drainage and wastewater treatment systems by the end of 2010. It is necessary to assess the technologies currently used so that sewage treatment in rural areas can be developed appropriately, to provide reliable and affordable waste- water treatment, in these areas. We evaluated the sewage treatment technologies currently used in rural areas by conducting case studies on 62 facilities that had each been operating for at least one year. Our study was carried out between 2009 and 2011, and the aim was to assess the situation during that period and assess any problems involved in decentralized sewage treatment in villages. We found that decentralized sewage treatment is the most popular wastewater treatment method in villages, and that the most common primary treatment technology used in rural areas is the septic tank. Our investigation highlights the need to establish standards for assessing effluent quality, including a range of target pollutants. Our results also show that effluents should be reused to meet the local environmental requirements in different areas, especially in ecologically sensitive areas.     

Social dimensions of science–humanitarian collaboration: lessons from Padang,Sumatra, Indonesia

This paper contains a critical exploration of the social dimensions of the science–humanitarian relationship. Drawing on literature on the social role of science and on the social dimensions of humanitarian practice, it analyses a science–humanitarian partnership for disaster risk reduction (DRR) in Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia, an area threatened by tsunamigenic earthquakes. The paper draws on findings from case study research that was conducted between 2010 and 2011. The case study illustrates the social processes that enabled and hindered collaboration between the two spheres, including the informal partnership of local people and scientists that led to the co‐production of earthquake and tsunami DRR and limited organisational capacity and support in relation to knowledge exchange. The paper reflects on the implications of these findings for science–humanitarian partnering in general, and it assesses the value of using a social dimensions approach to understand scientific and humanitarian dialogue.     

生化防护服的发展概述

本文简述了生化防护服的发展历史,详细介绍了防护材料的研究现状,提出了生化防护服高科技化、多功能化、智能化、高性能和舒适化的发展趋势。     

我国部分地区职业卫生现状调研分析

我国四省市的企业职业卫生现状调研结果表明,调研地区职业病危害因素以粉尘、化学毒物和物理因素职业病危害因素为主,小、微型企业职业病危害的形势较为严峻。不同行业中主要职业病危害因素类型存在明显差异,石化类、化工类、建材类、电力类和纺织类行业的职业病危害因素接触率相对较高。建材类、纺织类和化工类是调研地区职业病危害防控的重点行业,结合职业病发病资料来看,建材类行业中职业病危害防控应引起高度重视。     

基于粒子群算法的燃气管线泄漏疏散能力分析

为研究燃气管线泄漏事故人员疏散能力,统计分析近年国内燃气泄漏典型事故,得出第三方违章作业施工为燃气泄漏事故比例最高的直接原因及燃气泄漏事故伤亡人数发展趋势,在此基础上,引入粒子群PSO算法,以某施工引起的燃气管线泄漏事故为实例,研究领导者的领导能力和应急处置能力对员工之间信息交流及人员应急疏散能力的影响。分析实例显示现场领导者学习因子偏低,指挥能力差,直接影响事故现场的应急疏散自救行为,甚至改变疏散路径。并进一步分析模拟得出,学习因子提高后,现场领导者和员工的信息更新与交换效率大幅提升,应急疏散能力随之提高,进而提出实用性对策措施和建议,为提升燃气管线泄漏事故应急疏散能力提供技术参考。     

不同火源功率及火源—出口距离对隧道火灾临界风速的影响研究

由于隧道特殊的建筑结构,其发生火灾时的危害性,相比于其他类型的火灾要严重的多。在隧道的消防设计中,运用纵向风排烟是隧道火灾一项重要的消防措施,如何利用纵向风的特性来有效地引导隧道火灾烟气的运动需要进行系统的研究。运用FDS数值模拟的方法进行研究。结果显示,临界风速随着火源功率的增大而增大;并且随着火源与隧道出口距离的增大呈现出线性增长的趋势。对于6.0cm和9.0cm的火灾,临界风速与火源-出口距离关系式分别为 y=0.4+0.14x, y=0.5+0.11x。因此在消防实际应用中,应当充分考虑不同火源功率和火源在隧道中的相对位置对火灾烟气运动的影响,调节不同的排烟风速进行有效、合理的隧道排烟。