吉林省污水处理厂环境管理现状与污染防治对策初探

吉林省有污水处理厂20座,以城镇污水处理厂居多,约占吉林省污水处理厂总座数的75%。主要削减的污染物为第二类污染物,并以化学需氧量和生化需氧量削减量最大;吉林地区污水处理厂化学需氧量和生化需氧量削减量最大,其次为长春和四平地区,辽源地区污水处理厂化学需氧量削减量最小;松花江流域污水处理厂化学需氧量削减量最大,其次为辽河流域,再次为图们江流域。松花江流域污水处理厂生化需氧量也是削减量最大,其次为辽河流域,再次为图们江流域;全省第二类污染物削减率为79.46%。针对吉林省污水处理厂污水及污水中污染物处理情况,加强全省污水处理厂的能力等各方面建设势在必行。     

大学生生态价值观现状分析及对策

科学生态价值观对当代大学生的成长具有重要意义,由于社会发展指导思想对生态建设认识不足、以享受为主的消费观念及大学生生态价值观教育的缺位,造成当代大学生对生态环境保护意识模糊、认识肤浅、功利环保意识较强、过度消费的生态价值观现状,只有以马克思主义生态价值观为指导,加强大学生生态价值观的宣传和教育,倡导健康的消费伦理,实现消费方式的生态化,同时积极开展生态价值观教育的实践活动,从而实现大学生科学生态价值观的构建。     

关于水文与水资源工程专业教学改革初探

文章从水文与水资源工程专业课程设置、就业氛围和实践教学现状等方面入手,重点通过对专业实验课程占教学比例较小且综合性实验更少、专业实习受课程设置影响及毕业设计师资安排不合理等现状分析了该专业教学环节中存在的不足。提出了升华和优化教学体系,适当增设应用型课程;丰富教学手段,加强实践教学,激发学生自主自觉学习;加大介绍先进测量仪器和测量技术的力度;开放实验室,培养学生科研创新能力;实行产学研结合办学模式,为学生提供研究平台等措施对该专业教学改革的一些建议。     

常用玻璃量器衡量法K(t)值数学模型的建立与探讨

介绍常用玻璃量器的检定原理和方法,并详细叙述了修正系数K(t)的数学模型建立的全过程。全面分析了模型中所有参数的相关性,在此基础上对模型进行了优化,去除了模型中次要参数,大大简化了数学模型,同时,修正了JJG196-2006《常用玻璃量器检定规程》中忽略大气压力参数的影响,导致可能出现检定结论出错的问题,并给出了优化后的数学模型表达式,分别给出了大气压力在110～50KPa之间的钠钙玻璃和硼硅玻璃量器的K(t)值表。     

加压溶气气浮法处理高浓度氨氮废水的实验研究

本文以氨氮废水吹脱处理技术的原理为基础,采用加压溶气气浮法处理高浓度氨氮废水,通过对氨氯模拟水样的实验研究,确定了加压溶气气浮法去除水榉中氨氮的最佳实验条件。     

内蒙古清洁发展机制(CDM)项目现状分析及对策

清洁发展机制(Clean Development Mechanism,简称CDM)是《京都议定书》规定的3种温室气体减排途径之一,也是发展中国家唯一的参与温室气体减排的机制。本文以我国现阶段CDM项目发展现状为背景,具体针对内蒙古CDM项目现状及存在的问题(截止2010年9月7日)展开分析,提出内蒙古发展CDM项目的解决对策。     

离子色谱法测定水中硫酸盐质量控制指标研究

运用离子色谱法对硫酸盐的标准样品和实际样品进行研究分析,通过全国多家实验室的大量监测数据,得出了当前常用的精密度及准确度方面质量控制指标的建议值。研究表明：在0．5～230mg／L浓度范围内,标准样品的RSD≤3．0％,RSD’≤7．0％,RE≤±15％。实际样品0．5～210mg／L。RD≤4．0％,加标回收率范围为90％-115％。     

我国农村水污染现状及防治方法

随着农村经济的发展,农村水环境污染越来越严重,在简要分析我国水污染现状及成因的基础上,针对我国农村水污染情况,探讨了几种适合防治农村水污染的技术,并提出农村水污染防治的几点建议。     

Spatial and temporal variation of nitrogen exported by runo from sandy agricultural soils

The eutrophication problem has drawn attention to nutrient leaching from agricultural soils, and an understanding of spatial and temporal variability is needed to develop decision-making tools. Thus, eleven sites were selected to monitor, over a two-year period, spatial and temporal variation of runoff discharge and various forms of N in surface runoff in sandy agricultural soils. Factors influencing the variation of runoff discharge and various forms of N in surface runoff were analyzed. Variation of annual rainfall was small among 11 sites, especially between 2001 and 2002. However, variation of annual discharge was significant among the sites. The results suggest that rainfall patterns and land use had significant effect on discharge. The concentrations of total N, total kjeldahl N （TKN）, organic matter-associated N （OM-N）, NO3- -N, and NHn＋-N in the runoff ranged widely from 0.25 to 54.1, 0.15 to 20.3, 0.00 to 14.6, 0.00 to 45.3, and 0.00 to 19.7 mg/L, respectively. Spatial and temporal variations in the N concentration and runoff discharge were noted among the different sites. Annual loads of N in the runoff varied widely among monitoring sites and depend mainly on runoff discharge. High loads of total N, OM-N, NO3--N, and NHn＋-N in the runoff either in citrus groves or on vegetable farms occurred from June to October for each year, which coincided with the rainy season in the region. This study found that N in surface runoff was related to rainfall intensity, soil N level, and fertilizer use.     

A critique of the Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) study

Conventional wisdom holds that the Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) study is the most thorough and complete process hazard analysis (PHA) method. Arguably, it is the most commonly-used PHA method in the world today. However, the HAZOP study is not without its weaknesses, many of which are not generally recognized. This article provides a critique of the method to assist study teams in compensating for them to the extent possible and to help guide the development of improved methods.