再生混凝土冻融后基本力学性能试验研究

为了研究再生混凝土的抗冻融性能,进行了不同再生粗骨料和不同再生细骨料取代率的54个立方体试块和27个棱柱体试件的抗冻融性能试验。基于试验,分析了分别经25次、50次、75次和100次冻融循环后,各阶段棱柱体试件的表观特征、质量损失率、相对动弹性模量改变量以及立方体试块的抗压强度损失率;研究了"试件质量损失率-冻融循环次数"、"试件相对动弹性模量改变量-冻融循环次数"的变化规律;提出了适于寒冷地区建造房屋结构的再生混凝土骨料及其取代率。研究表明,再生粗骨料取代率为50%、细骨料为普通砂的试件,经100次冻融循环后,其表观特征、质量损失率、相对动弹性模量改变量均与普通混凝土相差不多,经合理设计,仅掺入不高于50%的再生粗骨料的再生混凝土可用于寒冷地区混凝土房屋结构。     

What is the best biomarker to assess arsenic exposure via drinking water?

Arsenic (As) is a ubiquitous element. The current WHO guideline for As in drinking water is 10 μg/L. Furthermore, about 130 million people have only access to drinking water containing more than 10 gAs/L. Although numerous studies have shown the related adverse effects of As, sensitive appropriate biomarkers are still required for studies of environmental epidemiology. A review of the literature has shown that various biomarkers are used for such research. Their limits and advantages are highlighted in this paper: (i) the detection of As or its derivatives in the blood is an indication of the dose ingested but it is not evidence of chronic intoxication. (ii) The detection of As in urine is an indispensible procedure because it is a good marker for internal dose. It has been demonstrated to correlate well for a number of chronic effects related to As levels in drinking water. However confounding factors must be taken into account to avoid misinterpretation and this may require As speciation. (iii) As in the hair and nails reflects the level of long term exposure but it is difficult to relate the level with the dose ingested. (iv) Some studies showed a correlation between urinary As and urinary and blood porphyrins. However, it is difficult to use only porphyrins as a biomarker in a population survey carried out without doing further studies. (v) Genotoxic effects are based on the characterization of these potential effects. Most studies have detected increases in DNA damage, sister chromatid exchange, micronuclei or chromosomal aberrations in populations exposed to As in drinking water. Micronuclei assay is the technique of choice to follow these populations, because it is sensitive and easy to use.To conclude, whatever epidemiological studies are, the urinary and toenail biomarkers are useful to provide indications of internal dose. Moreover, micronuclei assay can be complementary use as biomarker of early effects.     

我国渔港经济区发展现状、问题及对策探讨

发展渔港经济区对调整渔业产业结构,促进渔业增效和渔民增收,激活渔区经济,加快海洋经济步伐,全面建设小康社会具有重要的意义。对我国渔港经济区的发展现状、特点进行了梳理,在分析目前存在问题的基础上,提出了建设渔港经济区的相关建议,以期对相关决策部门制定战略提供有益参考。     

鸟粪石法回收制肥工业废水中氨氮的中试研究

制肥工业废水中氨氮浓度高,难以直接进行生化反应,采用鸟粪石沉淀法可有效去除并回收氨氮。利用中试反应器回收某制肥工业废水中的氨氮,采用氯化镁与氧化镁作为联用镁源,通过考察不同进料方式、搅拌速度、停留时间等因素的影响,确定了鸟粪石法回收氨氮的最佳工况:采用间歇进水、固体投加镁源的投料方式,搅拌速度300 r/min,停留时间2 h。最佳条件下,氨氮去除率达到93.5%,磷残余率小于0.3%,生成的鸟粪石纯度可达85.6%,砷和铅的质量分数分别为0.0036和0.0008,符合肥料中重金属限值(GB/T 23349-2009),其他重金属均未检出。因此,回收产品有很好的利用价值。经济分析表明磷源是此方法处理成本较高的主要原因。     

高锰酸盐指数在线自动监测仪的现状与问题

高锰酸盐指数在线自动监测仪,已在全国水质自动监测系统中得到广泛的应用,厂家对该产品生产日趋成熟,相关标准逐步出台,仪器性能基本达标。但在实际应用过程中,该仪器仍有许多问题需要进一步认识与改进。文中从标准溶液、终点判定、国家标准、干扰、比对、自动标定等几个方面,分析了该仪器存在的问题,并提出了相关建议。     

挪威石油业安全员制度及其对我国同行业建立安全员制度的启示

研究挪威员工参与民主管理制度的理论框架,分析挪威石油行业安委会、安全员发展的背景及现状,探讨挪威法律中安全员及员工的职能与义务,同时了解挪威安全员工作存在的问题及改进的措施。结合我国石油天然气行业的安全生产现状,在不断完善HSE管理体系的基础上,借鉴挪威石油行业安全生产管理的成功经验,建议在我国石油天然气行业建立安全员制度并在立法中确立其职能和义务,进一步提高行业及企业的安全管理水平。     

改性膨润土处理油田废水实验研究

通过高温焙烧和交联改性两种方法制备出改性膨润土,研究其在不同条件下对油田废水CODCr的去除效果。结果表明:改性膨润土对油田废水CODCr的去除效率有显著提高,最高可达65.32%。为膨润土的改性及其在油田废水处理中的应用提供了参考依据。     

Effective rates of heavy metal release from alkaline wastes--quantified by column outflow experiments and inverse simulations

Column outflow experiments operated at steady state flow conditions do not allow the identification of rate limited release processes. This requires an alternative experimental methodology. In this study, the aim was to apply such a methodology in order to identify and quantify effective release rates of heavy metals from granular wastes. Column experiments were conducted with demolition waste and municipal waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash using different flow velocities and multiple flow interruptions. The effluent was analyzed for heavy metals, DOC, electrical conductivity and pH. The breakthrough-curves were inversely modeled with a numerical code based on the advection–dispersion equation with first order mass-transfer and nonlinear interaction terms. Chromium, Copper, Nickel and Arsenic are usually released under non-equilibrium conditions. DOC might play a role as carrier for those trace metals. By inverse simulations, generally good model fits are derived. Although some parameters are correlated and some model deficiencies can be revealed, we are able to deduce physically reasonable release-mass-transfer time scales. Applying forward simulations, the parameter space with equifinal parameter sets was delineated. The results demonstrate that the presented experimental design is capable of identifying and quantifying non-equilibrium conditions. They show also that the possibility of rate limited release must not be neglected in release and transport studies involving inorganic contaminants.     

“W”型火焰超临界锅炉的应用研究

简要介绍了当前我国“W”型火焰超临界直流锅炉的应用情况及主要特点,并着重分析了先进低质量流速技术在“W”型火焰超临界锅炉的具体应用,论述了“W”型火焰超临界直流锅炉在实践中需注意和把握的问题。     

整装沙漠油田废水零排放的研究探索

文章介绍了陆梁油田通过对采出水处理工艺进行优化,并将其应用于油田水处理厂罐内喷淋除气技术等工艺;污水回收工艺作业废液处理采用二段式自然除油沉降原理进行预处理;利用反应吸附技术进行废液二次处理,生活污水一元化处理等工艺,对油田废水进行处理回注。年节约费用671.8万元,实现废水零排放,达到了环境保护和经济效益双赢的目的,为沙漠油田污水处理提供借鉴。