Control of aliphatic halogenated DBP precursors with multiple drinking water treatment processes: Formation potential and integrated toxicity

The comprehensive control efficiency for the formation potentials(FPs) of a range of regulated and unregulated halogenated disinfection by-products(DBPs)(including carbonaceous DBPs(C-DBPs), nitrogenous DBPs(N-DBPs), and iodinated DBPs(I-DBPs)) with the multiple drinking water treatment processes, including pre-ozonation, conventional treatment(coagulation–sedimentation, pre-sand filtration), ozone-biological activated carbon(O_3-BAC) advanced treatment, and post-sand filtration, was investigated. The potential toxic risks of DBPs by combing their FPs and toxicity values were also evaluated.The results showed that the multiple drinking water treatment processes had superior performance in removing organic/inorganic precursors and reducing the formation of a range of halogenated DBPs. Therein, ozonation significantly removed bromide and iodide,and thus reduced the formation of brominated and iodinated DBPs. The removal of organic carbon and nitrogen precursors by the conventional treatment processes was substantially improved by O_3-BAC advanced treatment, and thus prevented the formation of chlorinated C-DBPs and N-DBPs. However, BAC filtration leads to the increased formation of brominated C-DBPs and N-DBPs due to the increase of bromide/DOC and bromide/DON.After the whole multiple treatment processes, the rank order for integrated toxic risk values caused by these halogenated DBPs was haloacetonitriles(HANs)》haloacetamides(HAMs) haloacetic acids(HAAs) trihalomethanes(THMs) halonitromethanes(HNMs) 》I-DBPs(I-HAMs and I-THMs). I-DBPs failed to cause high integrated toxic risk because of their very low FPs. The significant higher integrated toxic risk value caused by HANs than other halogenated DBPs cannot be ignored.     

新冠期间河北省典型钢铁企业大气污染影响

基于国家气象局气象预报数据,建立了基于AERMOD的钢铁企业污染预报模型,模拟了新冠疫情管控期(2020年2～3月)及解封后期(2020年4～10月)河北省某钢铁企业对大气污染的影响,并结合空气质量实测数据进行模型验证.结果 显示,不利风向条件下,该钢铁厂大气污染物排放对当地3个国控站点SO2、NOx和PM10的平均浓...     

Techno-Economic Study of CO2 Capture from an Existing Cement Plant Using MEA Scrubbing

Carbon dioxide is the major greenhouse gas responsible for global warming. Man-made CO₂ emissions contribute approximately 63% of greenhouse gases and the cement industry is responsible for approximately 5% of CO₂ emissions emitting nearly 900 kg of CO₂ per 1000 kg of cement. CO₂ from a cement plant was captured and purified to 98% using the monoethanolamine (MEA) based absorption process. The capture cost was $51 per tonne of CO₂ captured, representing approximately 90% of total cost. Steam was the main operating cost representing 39% of the total capture cost. Switching from coal to natural gas reduces CO₂ emissions by about 18%. At normal load, about 36 MW of waste heat is available for recovery to satisfy the parasitic heat requirements of MEA process; however, it is very difficult to recover.     

二氧化硫在线监测仪在天然气净化厂的应用

为有效监测天然气净化厂尾气中的SO2浓度,在尾气排放点设置了在线监测仪。文章对SO2在线监测仪的应用环境、工作原理、结构等多个方面进行了介绍,并结合使用中取样探头腐蚀堵塞、测量室污染、处理器电路损坏、取样管路堵塞问题,对SO2在线监测仪的设计、使用提出改进建议。     

硬叶空气凤梨对铅的富集特征研究

空气凤梨是一类生长在空气中、不需要土壤的特殊植物,是有效的监测环境变化的指示植物。文章以硬叶空凤为材料,以环境中最典型的污染物—铅对其进行胁迫处理后,发现硬叶空凤对铅具有很强的耐性,而且可对铅进行有效的富集,是一种合适的指示铅污染的植物。扫描电镜和能谱分析表明,不论何种铅浓度处理植物体,硬叶空凤叶表鳞片中都可检测到铅元素的存在,进一步表明叶表鳞片很可能是铅等重金属元素的主要富集结构。另外,硬叶空凤叶表鳞片的3类细胞在富集铅时所起的作用是不同的,最内部的碟状细胞中铅的含量要大于中间的环状细胞,更大于最外部的翼状细胞,暗示铅的迁移是一种代谢性主动吸收过程。     

火力发电厂安全现状评价模式探讨

以火电厂现状评价为例,探索火力发电厂安全现状评价模式。     

Modelling sulphate-enhanced cadmium uptake by Zea mays from nutrient solution under conditions of constant free Cd2+ ion activity

A controlled hydroponic experiment was undertaken to investigate Cd uptake in relation to the activity of Cd species in solution other than the free ion (Cd²⁺) by maintaining a constant Cd²⁺ activity under variable SO₄₂⁻ and Cl⁻ concentrations exposed to maize (Zea mays var. Cameron) plants. The objectives of these experiments were: (1) to distinguish and quantify the different uptake rates of free and inorganic-complexed Cd from nutrient solution, and (2) to model the uptake of Cd by maize with a Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) in a system which facilitates the close examination of root characteristics. Results of the current experiments suggest that, in addition to the free ion, CdSO₄⁰ complexes are important factors in determining Cd uptake in nutrient solution by maize plants. Higher nominal SO₄²⁻ concentrations in solution generally resulted in a greater Cd accumulation by maize plants than predicted by the Cd²⁺ activity. A better integration of the complete dataset for the 3 harvest times (6, 9 and 11 days after treatment) was achieved by including consideration of both the duration of Cd exposure and especially the root surface area to express Cd uptake. Similarly, the fit of the BLM was also improved when taking into account exposure time and expressing uptake in terms of root morphological parameters.     

燃煤电厂海水烟气脱硫工艺原理初探

海水烟气脱硫工艺是利用天然的纯海水（燃煤电厂可直接利用电厂的冷却循环水）作为烟气中ＳＯ２的吸收剂，无需其它任何添加剂，也不产生任何废弃物，具有技术成熟、工艺简单、系统运行可靠、脱硫效率高（理论脱硫效率可达９８％）和投资运行费用低等特点，目前在一些国家和地区已得到日益广泛的应用。本文是在部分模拟试验的基础上，对海水烟气脱硫工艺进行了简单的阐述。     

焦化废水中有机物曝气吹脱条件下的挥发特征

焦化废水中各类有机物表现出不同的挥发特征,乙苯、萘等１１种物质比较容易挥发,１２ｈ空曝后其去除率约为２０％￣４０％,它们的挥发速率常数Ｋｖ与Ｈｅｎｒｙ常数间具有良好的线性相关关系,线性相关方程为Ｋｖ＝２．９０６×１０＾３Ｈ＋０．０１４６,挥发作用在这类物质的去除中起着重要作用;苯酚等１２种物质具有中等程度的挥发性;间苯二酚等物质其挥发作用不明显。     

Fenton试剂催化氧化--混凝法处理焦化废水的实验研究

用Fenton试剂结合自制聚硅硫酸铝对焦化废水进行了催化氧化—混凝试验研究 ,选择了最佳的工作条件。结果表明 ,经氧化—混凝处理后废水的COD从 1 1 73mg/L降至 38.2mg/L ,去除率达 96 .7%。研究中还发现 ,Fenton试剂具有将废水的 pH值调节为 2 .5～ 3的特性 ,为该工艺实际处理焦化废水提供了科学依据