以红薯浸泡液为碳源的生物反硝化

为选择低碳氮比污水生物脱氮中合适的碳源,以搅拌罐浸泡淀粉类物质释放碳源,在确定利用红薯浸泡液为碳源后,以浸没式生物滤池为反应器进行生物反硝化实验。实验结果表明:20 g红薯置于2 L自来水中,采用250 r/m in的搅拌速度,搅拌频率为每搅拌3 h停1 h,2 d后得到的浸泡液COD浓度平均为5 921 mg/L,最高可超过7 000 mg/L;将此红薯浸泡液和污水以1∶50的流量比例,采用分别投加的方式进入反应器,污水中总氮、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮及氨氮的平均去除率分别为88.6%、91.6%、88.2%和54.8%,出水COD平均在30 mg/L以下;在红薯浸泡液COD浓度为5 700 mg/L左右时,进水中亚硝酸盐氮浓度与硝酸盐氮浓度比为3∶2时总氮去除率为95.3%,当该比例为2∶3时总氮去除率为88.2%。研究表明,红薯浸泡液是一种经济合适的碳源,采用红薯浸泡液作为低碳氮比污水生物处理中反硝化的碳源是可行的。     

北京市典型土著沉水植物对水体中硝酸盐和正磷酸盐的耐受性研究

以北京市3种典型土著沉水植物轮叶黑藻、狐尾藻和金鱼藻为研究对象,构建模拟水生生态系统,研究3种沉水植物对水体中NO₃^-和PO₄^3-的耐受性并确定其耐受范围.同时,对植物体内过氧化氢酶、丙二醛、叶绿素和蛋白质4种指标进行检测.结果表明,轮叶黑藻对NO₃^-具有较强的耐受性,耐受浓度可达8 mg·L^-1,金鱼藻和狐尾藻次之,耐受浓度为3~5 mg·L^-1;狐尾藻对PO₄^3-的耐受性最差,耐受浓度约为0.2 mg·L^-1,轮叶黑藻和金鱼藻的耐受性相当,当PO₄^3-浓度达到0.4 mg·L^-1时开始出现显著胁迫.因此,在本研究的实验条件下,当水体NO₃^-浓度<5 mg·L^-1、PO₄^3-浓度<0.2 mg·L^-1时,建议3种沉水植物同时种植;当NO₃^-浓度>5 mg·L^-1时,建议种植轮叶黑藻;当PO₄^3-浓度为0.2~0.4 mg·L^-1时,建议种植轮叶黑藻和金鱼藻.研究结果可为北京市再生水补给河湖水库的水生态修复及其沉水植物群落的构建提供一定的理论指导.     

釜溪河城区河段漂浮植物污染现状及防治建议

本文对釜溪河城区河段漂浮植物进行了分类,对漂浮植物疯长成因、危害及水质污染现状进行了分析,并提出了防治建议。     

用萃取火焰AAS法测定汽车道旁树叶中的铅含量

主要介绍了用碘化钾－甲基异丁基甲酮（ＫＩ－ＭＩＢＫ）萃取汽车道旁植物叶片中的微量铅,然后用原子吸收分光光度法（ＡＡＳ）测定,该方法的精密度和准确度均有较满意的结果     

Biomethanation of plant materials and agricultural residues using dung samples as wild population of microbes and also with isolated methanogens

Recycling of plant materials and agricultural residues for biomethanation was attempted in vials. The methanogenic activities of certain sewage samples have also been tested. Both sterilized and non-sterilized biomasses were used. Biomethanation was carried out with dung samples (cow, goat, buffalo, piggery wastes and poultry wash) as wild populations of microbes and in combination with other microbial isolates (isolated in the laboratory).Biomethanation had been observed to be good in most cases and particularly with the sterilized biomass. Mixed inoculum (dung samples and poultry wash) was found to be best for biomethanation. Of the microbe isolates, isolates from buffalo, pig and paper mill wastes appear to be most effective. Pretreated sawdust and rice straw were found to be good subtrates for biomethanation. Of the different plant biomass used Spirogyra (algae), Ipomea and water hyacinth were most effective whereas Jatropa gossypifolia and Parthenium sp. were the least effective. Biomethanation of Spirogyra was carried out both in anoxic and oxic conditions. Though methane production decreased enormously under oxic conditions, definite methane production continued indicating that the biomethanation process is not exclusively anoxic. Similarly, biomethanation of sewage samples from different sewage treatment plants were carried out with and without isolated methanogens and methane production was found to be moderate.     

重庆地区吴茱萸属药用植物资源的调查研究

经调查鉴定，重庆地区吴茱萸属药用植物有9种（含种下等级），首次发现吴茱萸红花品系。重点介绍了它们的生境分布、药材商品与生产经营现状等，并编制了分种检索表，为科研、教学、生产经营及开发利用提供了科学依据。     

坡地赤红壤物理退化及其机理研究──Ⅲ.土壤物理退化机理分析

主要通过相关统计和综合分析,探讨坡地赤红壤物理退化的内部和外部环境的影响因素．指出养分贫瘠化,尤其是贫有机质化是坡地赤红壤物理性状退化的主要内部原因,植被破坏则是坡地赤红壤物理性状退化的外部因素、而人类活动的影响对坡地赤红壤的物理退化有重要作用。     

重金属污染土壤植物修复及进展

土壤污染是当今面临的一个重要环境问题。常规的土壤污染物理化学治理技术 ,如客土换土法、冲洗法、热处理、固化、玻璃化、动电修复法等 ,由于其技术要求高或经济成本高昂 ,对土壤结构的扰动破坏较严重 ,因而 ,大规模推广应用存在较大问题。重金属超累积植物的不断发现 ,使人们认识到有可能利用植物于土壤污染的治理修复。自 2 0世纪 90年代起 ,植物修复成为环境污染治理研究领域的一个前沿性课题。研究表明 ,通过植物的吸收、挥发、根滤、稳定等作用 ,可以净化土壤或水体中金属污染物 ,达到净化环境的目的。近 10年来 ,在超累积植物的找寻培育、植物根际微生物共存体系研究、植物对重金属的耐忍性、超量吸收及其解毒机制以及植物修复的工艺技术方面已有不少研究 ,并取得长足的进展 ,现代分子生物学的发展以及基因工程技术的应用有可能使植物修复技术取得根本性的突破。     

不同温度处理对金钟藤种子萌发的影响

主要研究了恒温25、28、30℃不同处理下温度对金钟藤种子荫发的影响，并采用发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、芽长和胚根长等指标对金钟藤种子发芽效果进行了评价。结果表明，随着温度的升高，金钟膝种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均上升。此外，随着温度的升高，芽和胚根出现不同的生长趋势，芽生长增加而根生长减少，进一步显示其地上部分受温度影响会加快生长，预示其入侵危害可能加剧。鉴于金钟膝日前在广州的危害情况，文章提出应将金钟滕列为潜在的入侵植物，加强研究，尽早开展预防和控制措施。     

GROUND WATER NITRATE REDUCTION IN GIANT CANE AND FOREST RIPARIAN BUFFER ZONES1

ABSTRACT: Ground water contamination by excess nitrate leaching in row‐crop fields is an important issue in intensive agricultural areas of the United States and abroad. Giant cane and forest riparian buffer zones were monitored to determine each cover type's ability to reduce ground water nitrate concentrations. Ground water was sampled at varying distances from the field edge to determine an effective width for maximum nitrate attenuation. Ground water samples were analyzed for nitrate concentrations as well as chloride concentrations, which were used as a conservative ion to assess dilution or concentration effects within the riparian zone. Significant nitrate reductions occurred in both the cane and the forest riparian buffer zones within the first 3.3 m, a relatively narrow width. In this first 3.3 m, the cane and forest buffer reduced ground water nitrate levels by 90 percent and 61 percent, respectively. Approximately 40 percent of the observed 99 percent nitrate reduction over the 10 m cane buffer could be attributed to dilution by upwelling ground water. Neither ground water dilution nor concentration was observed in the forest buffer. The ground water nitrate attenuation capabilities of the cane and forest riparian zones were not statistically different. During the spring, both plant assimilation and denitrification were probably important nitrate loss mechanisms, while in the summer nitrate was more likely lost via denitrification since the water table dropped below the rooting zone.